A catalyst may suppress pressure loss and coaking and produce a target substance in high yield when a gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction of a material substance is conducted using the catalyst to produce the target substance. A ring-shaped catalyst may have a straight body part and a hollow body part, which is used when a gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction of a material substance is conducted to produce a target substance, wherein a length of the straight body part is shorter than a length of the hollow body part and at least at one end part, a region from an end part of the straight body part to an end part of the hollow body part is concavely curved.

A method for ambient-temperature synthesis of a catalyst for water electrolysis by dissolving an amount of an Fe.sup.2+ source and optionally an amount of a salt of another divalent cation in deionized water at ambient temperature to form a solution, placing nickel (Ni) foam into the solution, whereby the Ni foam serves as a substrate and/or a Ni source for growth of the catalyst, leaving the Ni foam in the solution at ambient temperature for a time duration in a range of from about 0.5 hour to about 4 hours to provide a treated foam, during which time duration, the catalyst is grown on the substrate, and removing the treated foam from the solution after the time duration, wherein the treated foam comprises the catalyst grown thereon.

A catalyst has a carrier and a hydrogenation active metal component supported on the carrier. The hydrogenation active metal component contains at least one Group VIB metal component and at least one Group VIII metal component, and the carrier is composed of phosphorus-containing alumina. When the hydrogenation catalyst is measured using a hydrogen temperature programmed reduction method (H.sub.2-TPR), the ratio of the peak height of the low-temperature reduction peak, P.sub.low-temp peak, at a temperature of 300-500° C. to the peak height of the high-temperature reduction peak, P.sub.hi-temp peak, at a temperature of 650-850° C., i.e. S=P.sub.low-temp peak/P.sub.hi-temp peak, is 0.5-2.0; preferably 0.7-1.9, and more preferably 0.8-1.8. The hydrogenation catalyst shows excellent heteroatom removal effect and excellent stability when used in hydrotreatment.

A process for preparing a catalyst comprises coating substantial internal surfaces of porous inorganic powders with titanium oxide to form titanium oxide-coated inorganic powders. After the coating, an extrudate comprising the titanium oxide-coated inorganic powders is formed and calcined to form a catalyst support. Then, the catalyst support is impregnated with a solution containing one or more salts of metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, cobalt, and nickel.

A process for preparing a catalyst comprises coating substantial internal surfaces of porous inorganic powders with titanium oxide to form titanium oxide-coated inorganic powders. After the coating, an extrudate comprising the titanium oxide-coated inorganic powders is formed and calcined to form a catalyst support. Then, the catalyst support is impregnated with a solution containing one or more salts of metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, cobalt, and nickel.

A highly active hydroprocessing catalyst that comprises a doped support having been impregnated with a metal-impregnation solution, comprising a complexing agent and a hydrogenation metal, and filled with an organic additive blend. The catalyst is made by providing a doped support particle followed by impregnating the doped support particle with a metal impregnation solution that contains both a hydrogenation metal component and a complexing agent component to provide a metal-impregnated doped support particle. The metal-impregnated doped support particle is dried, but not calcined, and impregnated with an organic additive blend component.

Generally, it is disclosed a catalyst for use in a hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstocks and the method of making such catalyst. It is generically provided that the catalyst comprises at least one Group VIB metal component, at least one Group VIII metal component, about (1) to (about (30) wt % C, and preferably about (1) to about (20) wt % C, and more preferably about (5) to about 15 wt % C of one or more sulfur containing organic additive and a titanium-containing carrier component, wherein the amount of the titanium component is in the range of about (3) to (about (60) wt %, expressed as an oxide (Ti0.sub.2) and based on the total weight of the catalyst. The titanium-containing carrier is formed by co-extruding or precipitating a titanium source with a Al203 precursor to form a porous support material comprising Al.sub.20.sub.3 or by impregnating a titanium source onto a porous support material comprising Al.sub.20.sub.3.

A phosphorus-containing molecular sieve has a phosphorus content of about 0.3-5 wt %, a pore volume of about 0.2-0.95 ml/g, and a ratio of B acid content to L acid content of about 2-10. The molecular sieve has a specific combination of characteristics, including a high ratio of B acid content to L acid content, thereby exhibiting higher hydrocracking activity and ring-opening selectivity when used in the preparation of a hydrocracking catalyst.

A phosphorus-containing molecular sieve has a phosphorus content of about 0.3-5 wt %, a pore volume of about 0.2-0.95 ml/g, and a ratio of B acid content to L acid content of about 2-10. The molecular sieve has a specific combination of characteristics, including a high ratio of B acid content to L acid content, thereby exhibiting higher hydrocracking activity and ring-opening selectivity when used in the preparation of a hydrocracking catalyst.

A highly active hydroprocessing catalyst that comprises an inorganic oxide support particle having been impregnated with a metals-impregnation solution comprising a complexing agent and a hydrogenation metal that is further incorporated with an organic additive blend.