The present invention relates to new products and processes for making and using hop extract products comprising hop oils present in amounts between about 6 mL/100 g to about 40 mL/100 g, or more. The oil enriched hop extracts of the present invention also contain higher proportions of oil relative to other hop components typically found in hop extracts. Production of the oil enriched hop extracts may comprise a partial or a first extraction of hop materials. In one preferred embodiment, such extraction may occur under pressures of 1700 psi to about 3700 psi for less than three hours. The enriched oil extracts of the present invention can be used to produce beers having enhanced aroma and flavor profiles. The present invention also relates to products and processes for making and using second extractions of hop materials comprising alpha acids present in amounts of, for example, about 50% to about 70% (w/w).

The present invention relates to new products and processes for making and using hop extract products comprising hop oils present in amounts between about 6 mL/100 g to about 40 mL/100 g, or more. The oil enriched hop extracts of the present invention also contain higher proportions of oil relative to other hop components typically found in hop extracts. Production of the oil enriched hop extracts may comprise a partial or a first extraction of hop materials. In one preferred embodiment, such extraction may occur under pressures of 1700 psi to about 3700 psi for less than three hours. The enriched oil extracts of the present invention can be used to produce beers having enhanced aroma and flavor profiles. The present invention also relates to products and processes for making and using second extractions of hop materials comprising alpha acids present in amounts of, for example, about 50% to about 70% (w/w).

The present invention is to provide a method for producing nanodiamonds doped with a Group 14 element, the method comprising: detonating by exploding an explosive composition containing at least one explosive and at least one Group 14 element compound in a sealed container to obtain nanodiamonds doped with at least one Group 14 element selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb, and removing the Group 14 element and/or oxide thereof by subjecting the nanodiamonds doped with a Group 14 element to an alkali treatment.

An apparatus for the manufacture of synthetic diamonds includes a pressure vessel having a chamber therein, and a body located in the chamber. The pressure vessel and the body are formed of materials having different coefficients of expansion. The coefficient of expansion of the body is greater than the coefficient of expansion of the pressure vessel. The pressure vessel is formed from a material having a melting point in excess of 1327° C. and capable of withstanding a pressure of at least 4.4 Gpa at a temperature of at least 1327° C. The chamber is configured to receive the body, and a carbon source, the apparatus further comprising a heating means configured to heat at least the body to a temperature at least of 1327° C. The coefficient of expansion of the body is selected such that upon heating thereof to at least 1327° C. the pressure exerted on the carbon source is at least 4.4 Gpa.

A synthetic block for optimizing the performance of diamonds and gemstones is provided, including: a sealing material, a thermal insulation material, conductive materials, and a heating material. The conductive materials are provided at both ends of the sealing material. The heating material abuts between the conductive materials, and a high-temperature and high-pressure area is formed inside the heating material. The thermal insulation material includes a first thermal insulation tube and a second thermal insulation tube that are sequentially telescoped the conductive materials. The first thermal insulation tube abuts on an outer wall of the heating material, the second thermal insulation tube is provided between the sealing material and the first thermal insulation tube, a height of the second thermal insulation tube is greater than that of the first thermal insulation tube, and the synthetic block is square.

A method for preparing supercritical fluid by deep-sea pressure is provided and belongs to the technical field of supercritical fluid preparation. The method includes the following steps of: placing low-pressure fluid in a closed flexible container, sending the closed flexible container down to a location of a sea at a depth where a seawater pressure meets a requirement by using a powered or unpowered traction device, leaving the flexible container standing still until a volume of the flexible container does not change, wrapping the closed flexible container with a rigid pressure-bearing container, transferring the closed flexible container to the sea surface by the powered or unpowered traction device, and taking out the fluid in the flexible container as supercritical fluid. Then the supercritical fluid is produced. Therefore, the process of preparing supercritical (high pressure) liquid in deep-sea is safer and more stable than the preparation way on land.

A method for preparing supercritical fluid by deep-sea pressure is provided and belongs to the technical field of supercritical fluid preparation. The method includes the following steps of: placing low-pressure fluid in a closed flexible container, sending the closed flexible container down to a location of a sea at a depth where a seawater pressure meets a requirement by using a powered or unpowered traction device, leaving the flexible container standing still until a volume of the flexible container does not change, wrapping the closed flexible container with a rigid pressure-bearing container, transferring the closed flexible container to the sea surface by the powered or unpowered traction device, and taking out the fluid in the flexible container as supercritical fluid. Then the supercritical fluid is produced. Therefore, the process of preparing supercritical (high pressure) liquid in deep-sea is safer and more stable than the preparation way on land.

A diamond sintered material includes diamond grains, wherein a content ratio of the diamond grains is more than or equal to 80 volume % and less than or equal to 99 volume % with respect to the diamond sintered material, an average grain size of the diamond grains is more than or equal to 0.1 μm and less than or equal to 50 μm, and a dislocation density of the diamond grains is more than or equal to 1.2×10.sup.16 m.sup.−2 and less than or equal to 5.4×10.sup.19 m.sup.−2.

Nano polycrystalline diamond is composed of carbon and a plurality of impurities other than carbon. A concentration of each of the plurality of impurities is not higher than 0.01 mass %, and the nano polycrystalline diamond has a crystal grain size (a maximum length) not greater than 500 nm. The nano polycrystalline diamond can be fabricated by preparing graphite in which a concentration of an impurity is not higher than 0.01 mass % and converting graphite to diamond by applying an ultra-high pressure and a high temperature to graphite.

A superabrasive material and method of making the superabrasive material are provided. The superabrasive material may comprise a superabrasive crystal having an irregular surface. The superabrasive material further comprises a plurality of structure defects within the superabrasive crystal. The plurality of structure defects may cause micro-chipping when used as grinding materials.