This disclosure relates to synthetic coupling methods using catalytic molecules. In certain embodiments, the catalytic molecules comprise heterocyclic thiolamide, S-acylthiosalicylamide, disulfide, selenium containing heterocycle, diselenide compound, ditelluride compound or tellurium containing heterocycle. Catalytic molecules disclosed herein are useful as catalysts in the transformation of hydroxy group containing compounds to amides, esters, ketones, and other carbon to heteroatom or carbon to carbon transformations

Provided is a method for producing a chlorophenoxycarboxylate, comprising the following steps of: a phenoxycarboxylate under actions of a catalyst A and a catalyst B performing a selective chlorination of a chlorinating agent at a 2-position and/or a 4-position to obtain the chlorophenoxycarboxylate; the catalyst A is a Lewis acid; and the catalyst B has the following structure: R.sub.1SR.sub.2. The present disclosure redesigns the process route, and finely screens the catalyst and the chlorinating agent, thereby effectively improving the chlorination selectivity while avoiding the loss of the active ingredient, and the content of the obtained chlorophenoxycarboxylate can reach more than 98.5%, and the yield can reach more than 99%.

The present disclosure relates to catalysts for making sulfur-containing polymeric materials. In particular, the disclosure provides catalysts, and the method of using the same, for making sulfur-containing polymeric materials through inverse vulcanization at a temperature that is lower than 150 C.

Condensation of fluoro-substituted and silyl-substituted monomers provides polymers suitable for use, e.g., as engineering polymers. A monomer composition is condensed in the presence of a bifluoride or poly(hydrogen fluoride) fluoride salt. The monomer composition contains a compound of formula F-X-F and a compound of formula (R.sup.1).sub.3SiZSi(R.sup.1).sub.3, and forms an alternating X-Z polymer chain and a silyl fluoride byproduct. X has the formula -A(-R.sup.2-A)n-; each A is SO.sub.2, C(O), or Het; R.sup.2 is an organic moiety; n is 0 or 1; Het is an aromatic nitrogen heterocycle; Z has the formula -L-R.sup.3-L-; each L is O, S, or N(R.sup.4); and each R.sup.3 is an organic moiety, and R.sup.4 comprises H or an organic moiety.

The present invention is directed to processes for catalyzing two or more chemical reactions with a multifunctional catalyst in a reaction vessel. The processes include steps for introducing one or more reagents to a reaction vessel containing a multifunctional catalyst; contacting the one or more reagents with a first portion of the multifunctional catalyst to produce an intermediate; contacting the intermediate with a second portion of the multifunctional catalyst to produce a product; and removing the product from the reaction vessel. In certain embodiments, the multifunctional catalyst may have a first portion with carbonylation functionality for catalyzing the production of a beta-lactone intermediate from an epoxide reagent and a carbon monoxide reagent. In certain embodiments, the multifunctional catalyst may have a second portion with a functionality suitable for polymerization, co-polymerization, and/or modification of a beta-lactone intermediate. In preferred embodiments, the first portion and second portion are bonded to a heterogenous support.

The polymer-supported chelating agent is polyisobutylene having a thiol-thioether terminal group. The polymer-supported chelating agent is made by reaction of the terminal carbon double bond of polyisobutylene with 1,2-ethanedithiol in a one-step click reaction, resulting in PIB functionalized with a thiol-thioether sequestering group. In use, the polymer-supported chelating agent is added to a biphasic solvent system containing a transition metal in solution for removal of the transition metal by liquid/liquid extraction. The transition metal is chelated or sequestered by the chelating agent and removed in a nonpolar organic phase, such as heptane.

This disclosure relates to synthetic coupling methods using catalytic molecules. In certain embodiments, the catalytic molecules comprise heterocyclic thiolamide, S-acylthiosalicylamide, disulfide, selenium containing heterocycle, diselenide compound, ditelluride compound or tellurium containing heterocycle. Catalytic molecules disclosed herein are useful as catalysts in the transformation of hydroxy group containing compounds to amides, esters, ketones, and other carbon to heteroatom or carbon to carbon transformations.

A supported catalyst for aldehyde coupling reaction, comprising a carrier having supported thereon a catalyst comprising at least one azolium compound selected from the group consisting of a thiazolium salt, an imidazolium salt, a benzimidazolium salt and a triazolium salt, the azolium compound having, at a nitrogen atom thereof, a substituent selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic group having 6 or more carbon atoms and an aromatic group having 6 or more carbon atoms.

Condensation of fluoro-substituted and silyl-substituted monomers provides polymers suitable for use, e.g., as engineering polymers. A monomer composition is condensed in the presence of a bifluoride or poly(hydrogen fluoride) fluoride salt. The monomer composition contains a compound of formula F-X-F and a compound of formula (R.sup.1).sub.3SiZSi(R.sup.1).sub.3, and forms an alternating X-Z polymer chain and a silyl fluoride byproduct. X has the formula -A(-R.sup.2-A)n-; each A is SO.sub.2, C(O), or Het; R.sup.2 is an organic moiety; n is 0 or 1; Het is an aromatic nitrogen heterocycle; Z has the formula -L-R.sup.3-L-; each L is O, S, or N(R.sup.4); and each R.sup.3 is an organic moiety, and R.sup.4 comprises H or an organic moiety.

Described herein, in part, are compositions and methods for processing and curing photopolymer composition based on olefin matathesis. The photopolymer composition comprises a latent ruthenium (Ru) complex, an initiator and at least one polymer precursor. A method for preparing a cured photopolymer composition comprises exposing the photopolymer composition to electromagnetic radiation above a threshold energy to activate the initiator and exposing the photopolymer to electromagnetic radiation below said threshold energy, thereby preparing the cured photopolymer composition.