The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for hydroformylation and a method of preparing an aldehyde using the same. More specifically, the present invention provides a catalyst composition for hydroformylation including a specific phosphite-based ligand and a transition metal compound in a specific amount range, thereby being capable of greatly lowering a use amount of an expensive transition metal compound and exhibiting excellent catalyst activity or stability. In addition, by using the catalyst composition in hydroformylation, excellent reaction efficiency may be provided and iso-aldehyde may be generated in high yield.

The present invention provides a catalyst system for producing cyclic carbonates comprising: a pre-catalyst, which is BiCl.sub.3 having amounts in the range from 5 to 10% by weight of silica support; a compound having formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein: Y is selected from bromide (Br.sup.−) or iodide (I.sup.−); R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are methyl group or R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are taken together to form a heteroaryl ring having formula (II)

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and a silica (SiO.sub.2) support.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a polyamide by coordinated anionic ring-opening polymerization and a polyamide produced thereby, wherein metal alkoxide as an initiator and metal hydride as a catalyst are added to enable polymerization having a narrow molecular weight distribution and uniform molecular weight within a short polymerization reaction time at a low temperature, without a separate vacuum process, as compared with an existing polymerization method.

The present invention provides PC.sub.NHCP pincer metal complexes, which are useful as catalysts in various chemical reactions such as hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) in C(sp.sup.3)-H and/or C(sp.sup.2)-H bond of an organic compound, e.g., a pharmaceutically active compound; hydroboration of alkynes with excellent selectivity; and alkene isomerization with high stereo- and regioselectivity.

A catalyst for oxidative carbonylation of methanol to obtain dimethyl carbonate, a preparation method and applications thereof are disclosed. The catalyst includes a carrier being a porous carbon-nitrogen material, and an active component being Cu, where the weight of Cu accounts for 5-15 wt % of the total weight of the catalyst. The catalyst exhibits good catalytic activity in the reaction of methanol oxidative carbonylation to synthesize dimethyl carbonate, has high space-time yield and selectivity, and the catalyst and the product are easy to separate.

A provided ammonia synthesis catalyst is a composite catalyst including: a catalyst exhibiting catalytic activity for synthesis of ammonia; and a support supporting the catalyst. The support includes a hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage material is, for example, a hydrogen storage metal. The hydrogen storage metal is, for example, a hydrogen storage alloy. The hydrogen storage alloy is, for example, a solid solution. The hydrogen storage alloy is, for example, a Ti—Mn-based alloy. The catalyst includes, for example, a transition metal. The transition metal is, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of Ru, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, V, and Ti.

Provided is an application of a metal hydride/palladium compound system in the preparation of a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound in a cascade reaction of an electron-deficient alkene compound, said reaction comprising the following steps: under the protection of nitrogen, a palladium compound and a metal hydride are suspended and stirred in a solvent, then an electron-deficient alkene compound is added; the mixture reacts at 0° C. to 100° C. for 0.3 to 10 hours; a saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution is added to stop the reaction, and then extraction, drying by evaporation and purification by column chromatography are performed to obtain the product of 1,3-dicarbonyl compound. The hydride and palladium compound catalysts used in the method are reagents easily obtained in a laboratory; compared with the commonly used methods of hydrogenation with hydrogen gas, the method can be easily operated, and has high safety, mild conditions and high reaction yield.

A method for synthesizing pitavastatin tert-butyl ester includes obtaining a substance B through reacting (4R-CIS)-6-chloromethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-acetic acid tert-butyl ester with a substance A under the action of a first base catalyst, 5 oxidizing with an oxidizing agent to obtain a substance C, then reacting with 2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-quinoline-3-formaldehyde under the action of a second base catalyst to obtain a substance D, and finally, carrying out an acid deprotection to obtain pitavastatin t-butyl ester. The reaction conditions of the present invention are mild and controllable, and the reaction conditions of the synthesis of the Julia olefination do 10 not require an ultra-low temperature reaction. The operation is convenient and simple, the stereoselectivity is good, the yield is high, and the synthesized pitavastatin t-butyl ester is a completely non-cis isomer, and its purity is high.

Disclosed are a reduction method and reduction product of an alkenyl active methylene compound. The reduction reaction comprises the following steps: taking an alkenyl active methylene compound as a substrate, a metal hydride as a reducing agent, and a palladium compound as a catalyst, performing a reduction reaction to obtain a reduction product, and then reducing the alkenyl active methylene compound. The reduction system is a simple method for reducing the alkenyl active methylene compound, and the used hydride and palladium compound catalyst are both reagents that could easily be obtained in a laboratory. Compared with conventional hydrogen hydrogenation methods and reduction methods of reducing agents, the method is easier to operate, higher in safety, mild in conditions, and high in reaction yield, a reaction in a one-pot two-step manner can be achieved, and high atom economy and step economy can be obtained.

The present invention relates to the use of a transition metal catalyst TMC1, which comprises a transition metal M selected from metals of groups 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table of elements according to IUPAC and a tetradentate ligand of formula I wherein R.sup.1 are identical or different and are each an organic radical having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are each an organic radical having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, as catalyst in processes for formation of compounds comprising at least one carboxylic acid ester functional group —O—C(═O)— starting from at least one primary alcohol and/or hydrogenation of compounds comprising at least one carboxylic acid ester functional group —O—C(═O)—. The present invention further relates to a process for hydrogenation of a compound comprising at least one carboxylic acid ester functional group —O—C(═O)—, to a process for the formation of a compound comprising at least one carboxylic acid ester functional group —O—C(═O)— by dehydrogenase coupling of at least one primary alcohol with a second alcoholic OH-group, to a transition metal complex comprising the tetradentate ligand of formula I and to a process for preparing said transition metal complex. ##STR00001##