The present invention relates to a composition, comprising a palladium compound which is a palladium salt or a palladium complex or a mixture thereof, and a polycyclic compound of Formula (I), (II) or (III):

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to copper-containing bimetallic structures, to processes for producing the copper-containing bimetallic structure, and to uses of the copper-containing bimetallic structures as, e.g., catalysts. In an aspect, a process for forming a bimetallic structure is provided. The process includes forming a mixture comprising a first precursor and a second precursor, the first precursor comprising copper, the second precursor comprising a phosphine. The process further includes introducing a third precursor with the mixture to form the bimetallic structure, the third precursor comprising a Group 8-10 metal, the bimetallic structure comprising copper (Cu), the Group 8-10 metal (M), phosphorous (P), and nitrogen (N), the bimetallic structure having the formula (Cu).sub.a(M).sub.b(P).sub.c(N).sub.d, wherein a molar ratio of a:b is from about 1:99 to about 99:1, and a molar ratio of a:(c+d) is from about 500:1 to about 1:1.

A catalytic process for preparing an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising a) contacting an alkene and carbon dioxide with a carboxylation catalyst, an organic solvent, and an alkoxide having a secondary or tertiary carbon atom directly bound to an [O.sup.−] group, to obtain a crude reaction product comprising the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt and an alcohol by-product which is the conjugate acid of the alkoxide, b) allowing the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt to precipitate out from the crude reaction product; and c) subjecting at least part of the crude reaction product to a mechanical separation step while maintaining the alcohol by-product in liquid form to obtain a solid phase comprising the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt and a liquid phase comprising the carboxylation catalyst, the organic solvent and the alcohol by-product. The process allows for easy separation of the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt by a mechanical separation operation.

Methods of preparing oligomers of an olefin are provided. The methods can include providing an alkylaluminum compound and irradiating the alkylaluminum compound with microwave radiation to provide an irradiated alkylaluminum compound. The methods can further include mixing the irradiated alkylaluminum compound with a chromium compound, a pyrrole compound, and a zinc compound to provide a catalyst composition. The methods can further include contacting an olefin with the composition to form oligomers of the olefin. The olefin can include ethylene, and the oligomers of the olefin can include 1-hexene.

A method of precipitating polymer and deactivated organometallic catalyst in an olefin oligomerization reaction is provided. The method includes providing an effluent stream from an olefin oligomerization reaction. The effluent stream can include a polymer and an organometallic catalyst. The method can further include introducing sorbent particles into the effluent stream. The sorbent particles can include a deactivating agent. The deactivating agent can be water, an alcohol, an amine, an amino alcohol, or a combination thereof. At least about 10% of the sorbent particles can have a particle size in a range from 10 μm and 60 μm. The method can further include cooling the effluent stream, thereby precipitating polymer and deactivated organometallic catalyst from the effluent stream to provide a precipitate that includes sorbent, polymer, and deactivated catalyst.

This invention relates to a catalyst used in a carbonylation of methanol using carbon monoxide to acetic acid, and more particularly to a heterogeneous catalyst represented by Rh/WxC (where x is an integer of 1 or 2) in which a complex of a rhodium compound and 3-benzoylpyridine is fixed on a support of tungsten carbide.

The present invention relates to a catalyst system containing a metathesis catalyst containing at least one N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and at least one phenolic compound and to a process for performing the metathesis on nitrile rubbers for reducing their molecular weight using a metathesis catalyst containing at least one N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (NHC ligand) and at least one phenolic compound.

The present invention relates to kinetic resolution of racemic δ-hydroxyl ester via asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation and an application thereof. In the presence of chiral spiro pyridyl phosphine ligand Iridium catalyst and base, racemic δ-hydroxyl esters were subjected to asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation to obtain extent optical purity chiral δ-hydroxyl esters and corresponding 1,5-diols. The method is a new, efficient, highly selective, economical, desirably operable and environmentally friendly method suitable for industrial production. An optically active chiral δ-hydroxyl ester and 1,5-diols can be obtained at very high enantioselectivity and yield with relatively low usage of catalyst. The chiral δ-hydroxyl ester and 1,5-diols obtained by using the method can be used as a critical raw material for asymmetric synthesis of chiral drugs (R)-lisofylline and natural drugs (+)-civet, (−)-indolizidine 167B and (−)-coniine.

An isopoly-molybdic acid coordination polymer catalyst for manufacturing polycaprolactone and method of manufacturing the same are provided. It relates to a field of catalysts from polycaprolactone. The chemical formula of the isopoly-molybdic acid coordination polymer catalyst is [Cu.sub.2(trz).sub.2(γ-Mo.sub.8O.sub.26).sub.0.5(H.sub.2O).sub.2]. In the chemical formula, trz is 1,2,4-triazole negative monovalent anion, and [γ-Mo.sub.8O.sub.26] is a γ type octamolybdate anion. This synthesis method offers higher yield with strong reproducibility. The resulting crystal products have higher purity. The isopoly-molybdic acid coordination polymer catalyst shows high catalytic activity towards the bulk ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone. The resulting polycaprolactone has a weight average molecular weight exceeding 50,000 and a narrow molecular distribution. The polycaprolactone has great potential in the application of low- to medium-temperature thermoplastic medical materials.

An isopoly-vanadic acid coordination polymer catalyst, method of manufacturing the same, and application thereof are provided. The isopoly-vanadic acid coordination polymer catalyst has a chemical formula of [Co(atrz)(V.sub.2O.sub.6)]. The atrz is a 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole ligand, and [V.sub.2O.sub.6] is a binuclear vanadate anion. The isopoly-vanadic acid coordination polymer catalyst shows strong thermal stability, and it is easy to synthesize with high reproducibility. The isopoly-vanadic acid coordination polymer catalyst has a good catalytic activity towards the bulk ring-opening of p-dioxanone. The resulting poly(p-dioxanone) is stable and uniform. The high molecular weight of the resulting poly(p-dioxanone) has great potential in high polymer materials, in particular the field of medical high polymer materials.