This disclosure provides improved processes for converting aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene/toluene, alkylation, transalkylation, or isomerization. In an embodiment, a process comprises utilizing a passivated reactor to reduce deactivation of a molecular sieve catalyst. Additional measures such as the use of an auxiliary catalyst and/or an elevated reactor pressure may be used to further reduce deactivation of the molecular sieve catalyst.

A method and apparatus for preparing boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) according to an embodiment may ensure mass-production, may increase yield by reducing a production time, and may prepare BNNTs with high purity.

A CNT production apparatus 1 provided by the present invention includes a cylindrical chamber 10 and a control valve 60 provided to a gas discharge pipe 50. The chamber 10 includes a reaction zone provided in a partial range of the chamber 10 in the direction of the cylinder axis, a deposition zone 22 which is provided downstream of the reaction zone 20, and a deposition state detector 40 that detects a physical property value indicating a deposition state of carbon nanotubes in the deposition zone 22. The apparatus is configured to close the control valve 60 and deposit carbon nanotubes in the deposition zone 22 when the physical property value detected by the deposition state detector 40 is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, and configured to open the control valve 60 and recover the carbon nanotubes deposited in the deposition zone 22 when the physical property value exceeds the predetermined threshold value.

A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, the process involving: mixing a quantity of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a feedstock mixture; contacting the feedstock mixture with one or more catalysts to form a Process Mixture from the feedstock mixture; separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and, discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 % wt. to 0.5 % wt.. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil can be used as or as a blending stock for an ISO 8217 compliant, IMO MARPOL Annex VI (revised) compliant low sulfur or ultralow sulfur heavy marine fuel oil. A device for conducting the process is also disclosed.

A method for testing catalysts in a fluidized bed reactor comprises enclosing catalyst material in capsules having pores or holes smaller than the catalyst material, inserting the capsules filled with catalyst material to into a port of the fluidized bed reactor and recovering at least a portion of the catalyst capsules from the fluidized bed reactor after use through an additional port of the fluidized bed reactor, wherein the capsules move with a flow of uplifted fluid and gas in the fluidized bed reactor.

The present invention relates to a process for the polymerization of olefin monomers in the presence of a catalyst system, using a tubular pre-polymerization reactor, wherein the tubular pre-polymerization reactor has a length L and the flow of a catalyst system is introduced in the tubular pre-polymerization reactor in the middle (30-70% of L) or the end (70-95% of L) of the tubular pre-polymerization reactor.

A multi-stage process for the production of a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil compliant with ISO 8217: 2017 as a Table 2 residual marine fuel from a high sulfur Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil compliant with ISO 8217: 2017 as a Table 2 residual marine fuel except for the sulfur level, involving hydrotreating under reactive distillation conditions in a Reaction System composed of one or more reaction vessels. The reactive distillation conditions allow more than 75% by mass of the Process Mixture to exit the bottom of the reaction vessel as Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) less than 0.5 mass %. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed.

A coke catching apparatus for use in hydrocarbon cracking to assist in the removal of coke and the prevention of coke build up in high coking hydrocarbon processing units. The apparatus includes a grid device for preventing large pieces of coke from entering the outlet of the process refining equipment while allowing small pieces of coke to pass through and be disposed of. The coke catching apparatus can be easily disassembled to be removed from the refining process equipment and cleaned.

Provided is a reactor that is capable of suppressing deformation and damage of catalyst grains due to contraction of a reaction tube after thermal expansion thereof. A reactor includes: a reaction tube A aligned in an up-down direction and having, in a bottom section thereof, a catalyst supporter receiving packed catalyst grains and allowing a processed gas to flow therethrough; and a burning unit configured to heat an outer face of the reaction tube A. The reaction tube A has a cylindrical catalyst support face U that is in contact with the catalyst grains in the reaction tube A and that have, in the up-down direction, a plurality of engaging recesses each capable of receiving a portion of the catalyst grain in contact with the catalyst support face in such a manner that the portion of the catalyst grain is fitted into the engaging recess.

A multi-stage process for transforming a high sulfur ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process that produces a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil that can be used as a feedstock for subsequent refinery process such as anode grade coking, needle coking and fluid catalytic cracking. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil exhibits multiple properties desirable as a feedstock for those processes including a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed.