A window stay including a frame mounting plate (10); a sash mounting plate (11); a short arm (12) coupled by pivots at each end to the frame mounting plate (10) and the sash mounting plate (11); and an elongate long arm (13) coupled by pivots at each end to the frame mounting plate (10) and sash mounting plate (11), wherein the stay includes a first stop (33) and a second stop (102) acting as limiters at a fully open position of the window stay.

A method of manufacturing self-pierce rivets from a length of wire comprises separating the length of wire to form a plurality of slugs, each slug defining a head end and a tail end. The method further comprises forging a plurality of rivets from the slugs, each rivet having a head formed from the head end of a slug and a tip formed from the tail end of that slug, the head and the tip of the rivet being separated by a shank which defines a longitudinal axis, the rivet having a bore which runs substantially longitudinally through the tip and at least part way along the shank. For each of the plurality of rivets, the method comprises performing a machining operation on the tip the rivet or on the tail end of the slug from which the rivet was forged.

A method of forming a fastener includes inserting a blank precursor into a bore of a forming die having an enlarged bore portion, applying a first axial compression force to the blank precursor, and forming a cold-worked head section and an enlarged shank portion on the blank precursor corresponding to the enlarged bore portion. The enlarged shank portion has a nominal shank portion extending therefrom. The method additionally includes inserting the nominal shank portion into a bore of a final reduction die, applying a second axial compression force to the enlarged shank portion, and urging the enlarged shank portion into the bore of the final reduction die. The method includes reducing a cross-sectional area of the enlarged shank portion by approximately 2 to 5 percent to form a cold-worked shank section.

A method of forming a fastener may include inserting a blank precursor into a bore of a forming die having an enlarged bore portion. The method may further include applying a first axial compression force to the blank precursor, and forming a cold-worked head section and an enlarged shank portion on the blank precursor corresponding to the enlarged bore portion. The enlarged shank portion may have a nominal shank portion extending therefrom. The method may additionally include inserting the nominal shank portion into a bore of a final reduction die, applying a second axial compression force to the enlarged shank portion, and urging the enlarged shank portion into the bore of the final reduction die. The method may also include reducing a cross-sectional area of the enlarged shank portion by approximately 2 to 5 percent to form a cold-worked shank section.

A method of forming a fastener may include inserting a blank precursor into a bore of a forming die having an enlarged bore portion. The method may further include applying a first axial compression force to the blank precursor, and forming a cold-worked head section and an enlarged shank portion on the blank precursor corresponding to the enlarged bore portion. The enlarged shank portion may have a nominal shank portion extending therefrom. The method may additionally include inserting the nominal shank portion into a bore of a final reduction die, applying a second axial compression force to the enlarged shank portion, and urging the enlarged shank portion into the bore of the final reduction die. The method may also include reducing a cross-sectional area of the enlarged shank portion by approximately 2 to 5 percent to form a cold-worked shank section.