Provided is a method for producing steel including: preparing a first molten steel and a manganese-containing melt; supplying a nitrogen gas into a storage to blow nitrogen into the melt received in the storage and thereby adjusting a nitrogen content (wt %) in the melt to a required nitrogen content (wt %); and mixing the melt and the first molten steel to produce a second molten steel containing manganese and nitrogen. Since nitrogen is not blown while melting large amounts of solid materials, the oxidation of manganese due to a high temperature may be minimized or prevented. In addition, a large amount of solid material is not added, and a small amount of manganese-containing nonferrous metal or a FeMn ferroalloy is added, if necessary, into a produced melt in a molten state, and thus, a problem of temperature drop due to the input of the solid material may be minimized or prevented.

A sliding contact material that is used for a constituent material, particularly a brush, of a motor. The sliding contact material includes: Pd in an amount of 20.0% by mass or more and 50.0% by mass or less; Ni and/or Co in an amount of 0.6% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less in terms of a total concentration; and Ag and inevitable impurities as a balance. Preferably, the sliding contact material further contains an additive element M including at least one of Sn and In, and the total concentration of the additive element M is 0.1% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less. When containing the additive element M, the sliding contact material has material structures in which composite dispersed particles containing an intermetallic compound of Pd and the additive element M are dispersed in an Ag alloy matrix, and the ratio (KPd/KM) of the content (% by mass) of Pd and the content (% by mass) of the additive element M in the composite dispersed particles is within a range of 2.4 or more and 3.6 or less.

A sliding contact material that is used for a constituent material, particularly a brush, of a motor. The sliding contact material includes: Pd in an amount of 20.0% by mass or more and 50.0% by mass or less; Ni and/or Co in an amount of 0.6% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less in terms of a total concentration; and Ag and inevitable impurities as a balance. Preferably, the sliding contact material further contains an additive element M including at least one of Sn and In, and the total concentration of the additive element M is 0.1% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less. When containing the additive element M, the sliding contact material has material structures in which composite dispersed particles containing an intermetallic compound of Pd and the additive element M are dispersed in an Ag alloy matrix, and the ratio (KPd/KM) of the content (% by mass) of Pd and the content (% by mass) of the additive element M in the composite dispersed particles is within a range of 2.4 or more and 3.6 or less.

This application discloses a material including an aluminum metal alloy cladding fusion-cast to a metal alloy core. Also disclosed is a material having a metal core with a high content of scrap metal and having two sides, a first aluminum metal cladding fusion cast to the first side of the core layer, and a second aluminum metal cladding fusion cast to the second side of the core layer. The materials can be in a form of a sheet. Sheets are roll bonded together to create permanent metallurgical bonds except at regions where a weld-stop ink is applied. The sheets are used to make corrosion resistant heat exchangers.

This application discloses a material including an aluminum metal alloy cladding fusion-cast to a metal alloy core. Also disclosed is a material having a metal core with a high content of scrap metal and having two sides, a first aluminum metal cladding fusion cast to the first side of the core layer, and a second aluminum metal cladding fusion cast to the second side of the core layer. The materials can be in a form of a sheet. Sheets are roll bonded together to create permanent metallurgical bonds except at regions where a weld-stop ink is applied. The sheets are used to make corrosion resistant heat exchangers.

Metal ingots for forming single-crystal shape-memory alloys (SMAs) may be fabricated with high reliability and control by alloying thin layers of material together. In this improved method, a reactive layer (e.g., aluminum) is provided in thin flat layers between layers of other materials (e.g., copper and layers of nickel). When the stacked layers are vacuum heated in a crucible to the melting temperature of the reactive layer, it becomes reactive and chemically bonds to the other layers, and may form eutectics that, as the temperature is further increased, melt homogeneously and congruently at temperatures below the melting temperatures of copper and nickel. Oxidation and evaporation are greatly reduced compared to other methods of alloying, and loss of material from turbulence is minimized.

Metal ingots for forming single-crystal shape-memory alloys (SMAs) may be fabricated with high reliability and control by alloying thin layers of material together. In this improved method, a reactive layer (e.g., aluminum) is provided in thin flat layers between layers of other materials (e.g., copper and layers of nickel). When the stacked layers are vacuum heated in a crucible to the melting temperature of the reactive layer, it becomes reactive and chemically bonds to the other layers, and may form eutectics that, as the temperature is further increased, melt homogeneously and congruently at temperatures below the melting temperatures of copper and nickel. Oxidation and evaporation are greatly reduced compared to other methods of alloying, and loss of material from turbulence is minimized.

The invention concerns a welding wire intended for use in welding together parts of parts consisting of F3-36Ni alloy. The welding wire consists of an alloy comprising, in wt. %: 38.6%Ni+Co45.0% traceCo0.50% 2.25%Ti+Nb0.8667(Ni+Co)31.20% if 38.6%Ni+Co40.33% 2.25%Ti+Nb3.75% if 40.33%Ni+Co41.4% 0.4167(Ni+Co)15.0%Ti+Nb3.75% if 41.4%Ni+Co45.0% traceNb0.50% 0.01%Mn0.30% 0.01%Si0.25% traceC0.05% traceCr0.50% the rest consisting of iron and inevitable impurities resulting from production.

The invention concerns a welding wire intended for use in welding together parts of parts consisting of F3-36Ni alloy. The welding wire consists of an alloy comprising, in wt. %: 38.6%Ni+Co45.0% traceCo0.50% 2.25%Ti+Nb0.8667(Ni+Co)31.20% if 38.6%Ni+Co40.33% 2.25%Ti+Nb3.75% if 40.33%Ni+Co41.4% 0.4167(Ni+Co)15.0%Ti+Nb3.75% if 41.4%Ni+Co45.0% traceNb0.50% 0.01%Mn0.30% 0.01%Si0.25% traceC0.05% traceCr0.50% the rest consisting of iron and inevitable impurities resulting from production.

Method for producing eutectic copper-iron alloy in which crystal grain fragments containing iron are dispersed in a copper matrix, includes: a charging step charging a first melting furnace (MF) and second MF respectively with electrolytic-copper and pure iron grain fragments; molten copper (MC) deoxidizing step heating electrolytic-copper to at least melting-point in the first MF, melting and deoxidizing the electrolytic-copper; molten iron (MI) deoxidizing step heating pure iron to at least melting-point in the second MF, melting and deoxidizing pure iron; MI transfer step increasing the MI temperature generated in the second MF; transferring the MI to a primary reaction furnace; MC transfer step increasing the MC temperature in the first MF to at least the iron melting-point; transferring the MC to the primary reaction furnace; and a reaction step causing a crystallization reaction between copper in the MC and iron in the MI in the primary reaction furnace.