To provide a metal-based structure or nanoparticles whose homogeneity is not deteriorated and whose sticking formation is easy, and a production method thereof with a high safety. A metal-based structure comprises a hydrogen compound, cluster, or an aggregate thereof, represented by the general formula: M.sub.mH. The M is a metal-based atom. The m is an integer of 3 or more and 300 or less. H is a hydrogen atom.

To provide a metal-based structure or nanoparticles whose homogeneity is not deteriorated and whose sticking formation is easy, and a production method thereof with a high safety. A metal-based structure comprises a hydrogen compound, cluster, or an aggregate thereof, represented by the general formula: M.sub.mH. The M is a metal-based atom. The m is an integer of 3 or more and 300 or less. H is a hydrogen atom.

According to one or more embodiments presently described, metal-containing particles may be made by a method that includes introducing a molten material into a reaction zone of a reactor system, passing a process gas into the reaction zone in a direction substantially tangential to a sidewall of the reaction zone, and contacting the process gas with the molten material in the reaction zone to form metal-containing particles. The molten material may be introduced into an upper portion of the reaction zone The reaction zone may include a substantially circular cross-section, and the molten metal may be introduced into the reaction zone in a laminar flow or as atomized particles.

According to one or more embodiments presently described, metal-containing particles may be made by a method that includes introducing a molten material into a reaction zone of a reactor system, passing a process gas into the reaction zone in a direction substantially tangential to a sidewall of the reaction zone, and contacting the process gas with the molten material in the reaction zone to form metal-containing particles. The molten material may be introduced into an upper portion of the reaction zone The reaction zone may include a substantially circular cross-section, and the molten metal may be introduced into the reaction zone in a laminar flow or as atomized particles.

The present disclosure relates to a process for the recovery of transition metals from batteries comprising treating a transition metal material with a leaching agent to yield a leach which contains dissolved salts of nickel and/or cobalt, injecting hydrogen gas in the leach at a temperature above 100° C. and a partial pressure above 5 bar to obtain a nickel and/or cobalt precipitate in elemental form, and separating the obtained nickel and/or cobalt precipitate.

A method of forming a nanoparticle can include admixing an aqueous solution into an oil-phase to thereby form an emulsion of droplets of the aqueous solution in the oil phase, the aqueous solution comprising a nanostructure precursor and a polymer, adding a silane precursor and catalyst to form a silica shell around each of the droplets to nanoreactors; annealing at a first temperature below the decomposition temperature of the polymer to aggregate the nanostructure precursor within the nanoreactor; and annealing at a second temperature above the decomposition temperature of the polymer to convert the aggregated nanostructure precursor to the nanostructure and decompose the polymer.

A method of forming a nanoparticle can include admixing an aqueous solution into an oil-phase to thereby form an emulsion of droplets of the aqueous solution in the oil phase, the aqueous solution comprising a nanostructure precursor and a polymer, adding a silane precursor and catalyst to form a silica shell around each of the droplets to nanoreactors; annealing at a first temperature below the decomposition temperature of the polymer to aggregate the nanostructure precursor within the nanoreactor; and annealing at a second temperature above the decomposition temperature of the polymer to convert the aggregated nanostructure precursor to the nanostructure and decompose the polymer.

The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing core-shell particles using carbon monoxide, and more particularly, to a method for manufacturing core-shell particles, the method of which a simple and fast one-pot reaction enables particle manufacturing to reduce process costs, facilitate scale-up, change various types of core and shell metals, and form a multi-layered shell by including the steps of adsorbing carbon monoxide on a transition metal for a core, and reacting carbon monoxide adsorbed on the surface of the transition metal for the core, a metal precursor for a shell, and a solvent to form particles with a core-shell structure having a reduced metal shell layer formed on a transition metal core.

The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing core-shell particles using carbon monoxide, and more particularly, to a method for manufacturing core-shell particles, the method of which a simple and fast one-pot reaction enables particle manufacturing to reduce process costs, facilitate scale-up, change various types of core and shell metals, and form a multi-layered shell by including the steps of adsorbing carbon monoxide on a transition metal for a core, and reacting carbon monoxide adsorbed on the surface of the transition metal for the core, a metal precursor for a shell, and a solvent to form particles with a core-shell structure having a reduced metal shell layer formed on a transition metal core.

According to one or more embodiments presently described, a mixture of lead oxide and lead metal particles may be formed by a method that includes forming a molten metal lead material from a solid lead metal supply material, introducing the molten metal lead material into a reaction zone of a reactor, and contacting the molten metal lead material with an oxidizing gas in the reaction zone to oxidize a portion of the molten metal lead material and form at least solid lead oxide particles and solid lead metal particles. The molten metal lead material may be introduced to the reaction zone in a laminar flow or as atomized molten particles. The weight ratio of formed solid lead oxide particles to solid lead metal particles may be less than 99:1.