Archforms with terminal ends that anchor to orthodontic brackets disposed on teeth of the patient and methods of forming the same are disclosed herein. The archforms can include enlarged end portions, such as a ball, that can anchor onto brackets bonded to surfaces of the teeth of the patient.

Archforms with terminal ends that anchor to orthodontic brackets disposed on teeth of the patient and methods of forming the same are disclosed herein. The archforms can include enlarged end portions, such as a ball, that can anchor onto brackets bonded to surfaces of the teeth of the patient.

A method for manufacturing a brake disc includes providing at least one sheet of predefined thickness, blanking a first disc-shaped portion in the at least one sheet adapted to make a first plate of a ventilated braking band, blanking a second disc-shaped portion in the at least one sheet adapted to make a second plate of the ventilated braking band, blanking a third portion in the at least one sheet adapted to make at least one ventilation spacer for the ventilated braking band, drawing the third portion by shaping first and second protrusions, forming opposite first and second recesses adapted to make ventilation channels, connecting the first disc-shaped portion to the first protrusion by discontinuous weld spots, and connecting the second disc-shaped portion to the second protrusion by discontinuous weld spots.

A method for manufacturing a brake disc includes providing at least one sheet of predefined thickness, blanking a first disc-shaped portion in the at least one sheet adapted to make a first plate of a ventilated braking band, blanking a second disc-shaped portion in the at least one sheet adapted to make a second plate of the ventilated braking band, blanking a third portion in the at least one sheet adapted to make at least one ventilation spacer for the ventilated braking band, drawing the third portion by shaping first and second protrusions, forming opposite first and second recesses adapted to make ventilation channels, connecting the first disc-shaped portion to the first protrusion by discontinuous weld spots, and connecting the second disc-shaped portion to the second protrusion by discontinuous weld spots.

An example system includes: a hand-held welding tool that is manually placed in a welding position, wherein the hand-held welding tool is configured to be activated to cause a contact tip or a welding heat source to automatically move from a first position and to second position during a welding operation, and wherein a welding arc is automatically and repeatedly turned off and on while the contact tip or the welding heat source moves from the first position to the second position to make a plurality of welds between the first position and the second position, wherein, as a travel speed decreases, a time period between each arc on time increases to make equally spaced welds.

An example system includes: a hand-held welding tool that is manually placed in a welding position, wherein the hand-held welding tool is configured to be activated to cause a contact tip or a welding heat source to automatically move from a first position and to second position during a welding operation, and wherein a welding arc is automatically and repeatedly turned off and on while the contact tip or the welding heat source moves from the first position to the second position to make a plurality of welds between the first position and the second position, wherein, as a travel speed decreases, a time period between each arc on time increases to make equally spaced welds.

A spot welding apparatus includes a stationary frame having a housing formed therein. An upper welding gun is mounted to a length direction of a pressing unit disposed in the housing of the stationary frame. A plurality of lower welding guns are mounted on an outside of the stationary frame and ends of the plurality of lower welding guns selectively face one end of the upper welding gun in a length direction of the lower welding guns by the plurality of lower welding guns. A plurality of actuators are mounted on the outside of the stationary frame. A plurality of link units are disposed between the actuators and the lower welding guns, connect the actuators and the lower welding guns, respectively, and rotate as the actuators are operated.

In one aspect the invention relates to a mobile robotic end-effector tool for generating a mesh structure for use in reinforced concrete building systems. The tool comprises: —at least one robotic end-effector (EE), being movable in six degrees of freedom for applying an endless secondary mesh structure (2 ms) to the provided primary mesh structure (1 ms) continuously by roll spot welding, —wherein the at least one robotic end-effector (EE) further comprises: —a welding unit (W), in particular a resistance welding unit, configured for welding the secondary mesh structure (2 ms) to the primary mesh structure (1 ms) at predefined connection positions to generate cross-wire connections; —contact force sensors, configured for measuring the contact force of the robotic end-effector (EE), being applied to the primary mesh structure (1 ms) during rolling over the primary mesh structure (1 ms); —a processor (P) for closed loop control of the at least one robotic end-effector (EE) by means of control signals, wherein the control signals are generated at least in part in response to the measured contact force.

In one aspect the invention relates to a mobile robotic end-effector tool for generating a mesh structure for use in reinforced concrete building systems. The tool comprises: —at least one robotic end-effector (EE), being movable in six degrees of freedom for applying an endless secondary mesh structure (2 ms) to the provided primary mesh structure (1 ms) continuously by roll spot welding, —wherein the at least one robotic end-effector (EE) further comprises: —a welding unit (W), in particular a resistance welding unit, configured for welding the secondary mesh structure (2 ms) to the primary mesh structure (1 ms) at predefined connection positions to generate cross-wire connections; —contact force sensors, configured for measuring the contact force of the robotic end-effector (EE), being applied to the primary mesh structure (1 ms) during rolling over the primary mesh structure (1 ms); —a processor (P) for closed loop control of the at least one robotic end-effector (EE) by means of control signals, wherein the control signals are generated at least in part in response to the measured contact force.

A second member is made of a material difficult to be welded to a first member. A first step includes forming a third member by welding a first filler material to the first member through a through-portion of the second member. A second step includes forming a fourth member by covering a surface of the third member with a second filler material and welding the fourth member to the second member.