Aspects disclosed herein relate to improvements regarding the formation of touch fasteners on nonwoven materials or other thermoplastic and non-thermoplastic materials employing ultrasonic formation technologies. Such improvements may be applied to rotary sonotrodes or blade sonotrodes. These improvements may include raised or recessed features in the functional surface of the sonotrode, methods and arrangements of pre-heating and/or cooling the functional surface of the sonotrode, varying or fixing the surface speed of the rotary sonotrode relative to a molding roller to form touch fasteners at desired spacing intervals, and the inclusion of supplementary material with the substrate. Various molding rollers are also disclosed.