Provided is a three-dimensional modeling material used for a fused deposition modeling three-dimensional printer. The three-dimensional modeling material has a multilayer structure and contains, in respective different layers, a thermoplastic resin (A) having a shear storage elastic modulus (G′) of 1.00×10.sup.7 Pa or less as measured at 100° C. and 1 Hz and a thermoplastic resin (B) having a shear storage elastic modulus (G′) of more than 1.00×10.sup.7 Pa as measured at 100° C. and 1 Hz.

The invention relates to a print head (10) for a 3D printer (1), comprising a feed section (11) having a feeder (12) for a starting material (21) that is variable in the viscosity thereof; a plasticizing zone (14) having a heater (15) and an outlet opening (16) for the liquid phase (22) of the starting material (21); and a conveying device (30) for conveying the starting material (21) from the feed section (11) to the plasticizing zone (14), wherein the conveying device (30) comprises a piston (31) that can be inserted into the feed section (11). The invention is characterized in that the piston (31) has a first piston portion (5) facing the plasticizing zone (14) and having a guide surface (9), through which the piston (31) is guided in a bore (7) of the print head (10).

Provided is a three-dimensional modeling material used for a fused deposition modeling three-dimensional printer. The three-dimensional modeling material has a multilayer structure and contains, in respective different layers, a thermoplastic resin (A) having a shear storage elastic modulus (G′) of 1.00×10.sup.7 Pa or less as measured at 100° C. and 1 Hz and a thermoplastic resin (B) having a shear storage elastic modulus (G′) of more than 1.00×10.sup.7 Pa as measured at 100° C. and 1 Hz.

A guiding and calibration device (100) of a blown plastic film is described, comprising a bearing structure (1, 2) which includes equidistant rotation fulcrums (3) of rotating structures (4) along an ideal circumference. Each rotating structure (4) comprises a rotating vertical upright (43) and at least one arm (44, 45) fixed to said rotating vertical upright (43). A vertical floating element (5) is rotatably fixed to the at least one arm (44, 45). The device (100) further comprises groups of rectilinear bars (12a, 12b) consisting of at least one pair of rectilinear bars (12a, 12b) parallel to each other and placed slidingly side by side along respective external edges.

Aspects of the disclosure are directed to methods and apparatus involving the extrusion of polymers or other materials. As may be implemented in accordance with various embodiments, a polymer is delivered into an inlet of a nozzle structure having the inlet and an outlet. The polymer is viscously heated and melted by rotating the nozzle structure about an axis extending through the inlet and the outlet, therein facilitating extrusion of the melted polymer through the nozzle structure outlet. A polymer supply may deliver the polymer into the nozzle structure inlet, and a coupler may facilitation rotation of the nozzle structure. A driver may further operate to control rotation of the nozzle structure relative to the coupler, for instance by generating a rotational output that causes rotation of the nozzle structure.

Disclosed are an entrained polymer or an entrained polymer composition, and a method for forming and adhering an entrained polymer structure to a substrate using the entrained polymer or an entrained polymer composition. The method includes providing a substrate configured to receive application of a molten entrained polymer. A particulate entrained polymer in molten form is applied in a predetermined shape, to a surface of the substrate, to form a solidified entrained polymer structure on the substrate. The entrained polymer includes a monolithic material formed of at least abase polymer and a particulate active agent. The surface of the substrate is compatible with the molten entrained polymer so as to thermally bond with it. In this way, the entrained polymer bonds to the substrate and solidifies upon sufficient cooling of the entrained polymer.

Method and device for the extrusion of thermomechanically deformable materials, as well as a compact screw extruder. The configuration of the material infeed in a screw extruder, has a significantly smaller length-diameter ratio than known solutions from the fields of injection moulding and additive manufacturing and a crushing tool, located in the funnel-shaped infeed region of the vertically arranged screw extruder which prevents the rotational movement of the material in the funnel, and also thereby forces movement in the conveying direction of the screw extruder in combination with the gradient of the screw flanks. In addition, a portion of the coarse material is crushed, whereby the bulk material density is increased in the region of the screw and less air must be pressed out of the material in the region of the plasticization and homogenization zone.

Disclosed is an extrusion system including a cooled extruder, fixable to a pressing carriage of a machine for quick prototyping with thread of filler material, including: a unit for controlled and localized heating of the filler material, a unit blowing compressed air onto a zone of the extruder to be cooled, immediately upstream of the melting zone, with a predetermined flow rate, a channel supplying the thread of filler material. The extruder includes a nozzle whose body includes a melting zone, and with an outlet end conveying the material on a pressing plane. The nozzle is integral with a heating block. The nozzle is made of a material having high wear and corrosion resistance and good workability. At least at the melting zone of the nozzle is internally processed with a surface finishing having a roughness 0.2-2.5 pm or less, which ensures a good flowabitly of the material.

Skin for dressing backlit vehicle interior parts comprising a perforated opaque decorative layer and a light transmitting material filling the holes wherein the light transmitting material is a reactive hotmelt adhesive which forms a base layer extended over the back side of the opaque decorative layer and comprising a central portion and a transition portion surrounding the central portion and several projections protruding from the central portion of the base layer and completely filling the through holes. Method and an installation for manufacturing said skin for dressing backlit vehicle interior parts.

An apparatus is disclosed that includes a printer cartridge having a cartridge barrel for containing print material, an extruder having a nozzle and a lever arm, the lever arm including a plunger, the plunger having an inlet port, and a pneumatic system including a pneumatic piston, a solenoid valve and a Y-connector, wherein the pneumatic piston is configured to receive pressurized air from (1) the Y-connector to lower the lever arm to align the inlet port with an entry point of the extruder enabling print material to flow into the extruder through the inlet port, and (2) the solenoid valve to raise the lever arm to misalign the inlet port and the entry point to prevent additional print material to flow into the extruder. The apparatus further includes a build platform, and a plurality of rods and screws for guiding the extruder to dispense print material on the build platform.