In an example, a method includes operating, by a processor, on object model data and operating, on a processor, on pattern data. The object model data describes at least part of an object to be generated in additive manufacturing and the pattern data describes an object pattern intended to be formed on at least a portion of the part of the object to be generated in additive manufacturing. The method includes determining, by a processor, control data to control a print agent applicator to apply a pattern of fusing agent onto a part of a layer of build material. The pattern of fusing agent comprises a fusing agent area and a gap area that lacks fusing agent. The gap area corresponds to the object pattern such that no fusing agent is applied to a part of the layer of build material that corresponds to the object pattern.

The present application provides a 3D printing method. The present application can provide as a method for efficiently performing 3D printing, for example, a 3D printing method capable of more rapidly and efficiently producing a three-dimensional shape precisely realized up to a fine portion.

The present application provides a 3D printing method. The present application can provide as a method for efficiently performing 3D printing, for example, a 3D printing method capable of more rapidly and efficiently producing a three-dimensional shape precisely realized up to a fine portion.

In some examples, an additive manufacturing process may be operated by a method that includes depositing a plurality of preliminary layers of build material over a build surface and applying thermal energy governed by closed-loop control to heat the preliminary layers. The method includes analyzing a temperature distribution across a layer of the preliminary layers to map the locations of any hot spots relative to the build surface. The method includes selecting a spray pattern to apply a cooling agent to the mapped locations.

A build system is provided with: a build apparatus that performs a build process for forming a build object by supplying build materials to an irradiation area of an energy beam from a supply system while irradiating a target object with the energy beam from an irradiation system; and a change apparatus that is configured to change a relative position between the energy beam and the target object, wherein the build system differentiates a condition of the build process that is performed at a first area of the target object and a condition of the build process that is performed at a second area of the target object.

Ceramic slurries may include ceramic particles, a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, and a photoinitiator. The photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder may include a photoreactive organic resin component, a photoreactive siloxane component, and one or more photostable siloxane components. Methods of forming a ceramic part may include curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part, and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part. The brown ceramic part may be sintered at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering includes heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles.

Ceramic slurries may include ceramic particles, a photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder, and a photoinitiator. The photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder may include a photoreactive organic resin component, a photoreactive siloxane component, and one or more photostable siloxane components. Methods of forming a ceramic part may include curing a portion of a ceramic slurry by exposing the portion of the ceramic slurry to light to form a green ceramic part, and partially firing the green ceramic part to form a brown ceramic part. The brown ceramic part may be sintered at or above a sintering temperature of the ceramic particles to form a ceramic part, wherein sintering includes heating the brown ceramic part to a sufficient temperature to promote reaction bonding that converts silica from the photoreactive-photostable hybrid binder into silicates that bond with the ceramic particles.

A method and apparatus for the additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects are disclosed. Two or more materials are extruded simultaneously as a composite, with at least one material in liquid form and at least one material in a solid continuous strand completely encased within the liquid material. A means of curing the liquid material after extrusion hardens the composite. A part is constructed using a series of extruded composite paths. The strand material within the composite contains specific chemical, mechanical, or electrical characteristics that instill the object with enhanced capabilities not possible with only one material.

A method and apparatus for the additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects are disclosed. Two or more materials are extruded simultaneously as a composite, with at least one material in liquid form and at least one material in a solid continuous strand completely encased within the liquid material. A means of curing the liquid material after extrusion hardens the composite. A part is constructed using a series of extruded composite paths. The strand material within the composite contains specific chemical, mechanical, or electrical characteristics that instill the object with enhanced capabilities not possible with only one material.

Described herein are compositions, methods, and systems for printing metal three-dimensional objects. In an example, described is a method of printing a three-dimensional object comprising: (i) depositing a metal powder build material, wherein the metal powder build material has an average particle size of from about 10 μm to about 250 μm; (ii) selectively applying a binder fluid on at least a portion of the metal powder build material, wherein the binder fluid comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and latex polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid vehicle; (iii) heating the selectively applied binder fluid on the metal powder build material to a temperature of from about 40° C. to about 180° C.; and (iv) repeating (i), (ii), and (iii) at least one time to form the three-dimensional object.