A grid and skin assembly for use in a composite laminate structure is described. The assembly includes a metallic grid having a plurality of intersecting ribs oriented in at least two distinct rib directions offset at a grid angle relative to one another and defining respective intersection points; and a composite laminate skin having a plurality of ply layers comprising a plurality of tapes oriented in at least two distinct tape directions offset at a ply angle relative to one another. The grid angle is at least 25 degrees, the intersection points define glueless joints of the metallic grid, and the grid is a non-aluminum-based material. A grid and method of manufacturing the grid and skin assembly is also described. The method includes a water jet cutting procedure and glueless joint formation due to differing thermal expansion characteristics of the grid and skin.

An impact-absorbing article includes two outer panels that sandwich a fiber-composite post-and-sheet layer. The post-and-sheet layer includes a plurality of fiber-composite “posts” that extend orthogonally with respect to a base.

An impact-absorbing article includes two outer panels that sandwich a fiber-composite post-and-sheet layer. The post-and-sheet layer includes a plurality of fiber-composite “posts” that extend orthogonally with respect to a base.

An accommodating body includes: a first accommodating body that has a first bottom portion; and a first buffering material that has a first pressure receiving surface coming into contact with an accommodated article accommodated in the first accommodating body and that has at least one first sheet-shaped web that contains fibers and a bonding material that bonds the fibers, and in which in the first sheet-shaped web, the fibers are oriented in a plane direction of the first sheet-shaped web, and the first buffering material is used in an orientation with which an end surface of the first sheet-shaped web serves as the first pressure receiving surface.

A film stack comprises an oriented first layer comprising polyvinyl alcohol disposed on an oriented second layer comprising naphthalene dicarboxylate containing copolyester resin. The oriented second layer has in-plane birefringence Δnxy<0.02.

A film stack comprises an oriented first layer comprising polyvinyl alcohol disposed on an oriented second layer comprising naphthalene dicarboxylate containing copolyester resin. The oriented second layer has in-plane birefringence Δnxy<0.02.

An FRP panel material includes reinforcing fibers oriented in predetermined orientation directions near the surface. In the surface of the panel material, a plurality of either or both of protrusions and depressions having shapes of congruent regular triangular pyramids are provided. The bases of the regular triangular pyramids are arranged on a virtual reference plane along the surface with no gap or overlap so that each vertex of an equilateral triangle constituting each base is shared by six of the bases as vertices thereof. Each of the orientation directions of the reinforcing fibers is parallel to any lateral edge of each regular triangular pyramid as seen in the thickness direction of the panel material.

An FRP panel material includes reinforcing fibers oriented in predetermined orientation directions near the surface. In the surface of the panel material, a plurality of either or both of protrusions and depressions having shapes of congruent regular triangular pyramids are provided. The bases of the regular triangular pyramids are arranged on a virtual reference plane along the surface with no gap or overlap so that each vertex of an equilateral triangle constituting each base is shared by six of the bases as vertices thereof. Each of the orientation directions of the reinforcing fibers is parallel to any lateral edge of each regular triangular pyramid as seen in the thickness direction of the panel material.

A marine deck member with enhanced surface traction and the process for forming the same. The marine deck member comprises a sandwich-type composite panel made by a compression molding process. In such a process, the panel is made by subjecting a heated stack of layers of material to cold-pressing in a mold. The cellular core has a 2-D array of cells, each of the cells having an axis substantially perpendicular to the outer surfaces, and extending in the space between the layers or skins, with end faces open to the respective layers or skins. The surface traction of this type of composite panel can be enhanced for marine deck applications by controlled debossing, or embossing, of the first skin while it cools in the compression mold. The debossing effect can be effected by applying pressurized gas, e.g., pressurized air, onto the outer surface of the first skin while in the compression mold. The embossing can be effected by applying vacuum pressure on the outer surface of the first skin while in the compression mold.

A method to produce a panel unit, including providing a core having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, applying a surface layer to the first surface of the core, the surface layer including a wood veneer layer and a first binder layer for adhering the wood veneer layer to the first surface of the core, applying a balancing layer to a second surface of the core, the balancing layer including an unimpregnated paper and a second binder layer for adhering the unimpregnated paper to the second surface of the core, applying pressure to the surface layer, the balancing layer, and the core to form a panel unit. The disclosure also relates to a panel.