In an example, a printer ink dryer unit comprises at least one ultraviolet light source to dry a printer ink layer by causing evaporation of a solvent fluid therefrom.

In an method for double-sided printing to a recording medium, a first side of the recording medium is printed to with a liquid first color separation, the liquid first color separation is pre-dried such that a predetermined final drying state remains unachieved, where the pre-dried state is a transportable intermediate state that is between a wet print image directly after printing and the predetermined final drying state, a second side of the recording medium is printed to with a liquid second color separation, and the pre-dried first color separation and the second liquid color separation are jointly dried to entirely achieve the predetermined final drying state for both the first and second color separations.

There is disclosed print agent drying unit 10, 20, 30 to dry print agent 40 on a substrate 14, the drying unit comprising: a substrate support 12 to support a substrate 14; an exciter 18, 28, 38 to excite a boundary layer of print agent 40 applied on the substrate 14, to thereby dissociate the boundary layer from the print agent; and a radiation source 16 to direct radiation energy to the substrate to dry the print agent. Methods of drying print agent 40 on a substrate 14 are also disclosed, including a method comprising: causing the substrate 14 to vibrate to dissociate a boundary layer of print agent 40 on the substrate 14; and heating the print agent 40 to dry the print agent 40.

A drying device includes a roller, and the drying device is for drying a recording medium conveyed by rotation of the roller. The drying device includes a first heating source and second heating source included inside the roller; first and second temperature detectors for respectively detecting a temperature of a first region on a surface of the roller and a temperature of a second region on the surface of the roller; and a heating controller that controls heating and termination of the heating by the first heating source and/or the second heating source, wherein, upon detecting that a temperature of one region of the first region and the second region is higher than or equal to a predetermined temperature, the heating controller terminates heating by one heating source corresponding to the other region.

A print curing apparatus comprising an LED array comprising a body; the body comprising a mounting area with one or more LED modules mounted thereon; at least one heat sink; and one or more cooling modules, adjacent to the or each heat sink. The one or more cooling modules comprises at least one water-cooled holder comprising at least one fluid inlet channel and at last one fluid outlet channel therethrough; at least one heat pipe held substantially within the or each water-cooled holder, wherein the or each water-cooled holder is shaped to hold at least one heat pipe.

In an example, a printer ink dryer unit comprises at least one ultraviolet light source to dry a printer ink layer by causing evaporation of a solvent fluid therefrom.

In an example, a printer ink dryer unit comprises at least one ultraviolet light source to dry a printer ink layer by causing evaporation of a solvent fluid therefrom.

A drying device includes a roller, and the drying device is for drying a recording medium conveyed by rotation of the roller. The drying device includes a first heating source and second heating source included inside the roller; first and second temperature detectors for respectively detecting a temperature of a first region on a surface of the roller and a temperature of a second region on the surface of the roller; and a heating controller that controls heating and termination of the heating by the first heating source and/or the second heating source, wherein, upon detecting that a temperature of one region of the first region and the second region is higher than or equal to a predetermined temperature, the heating controller terminates heating by one heating source corresponding to the other region.

In an example, a printer ink dryer unit comprises at least one ultraviolet light source to dry a printer ink layer by causing evaporation of a solvent fluid therefrom.

A thermal processing device is disclosed herein for thermally processing material on a substrate. The thermal processing device includes a support plate which at a first main side is provided with a layer stack having a free surface for supporting the substrate, wherein the free surface defines a reference plane and which layer stack includes a first resistive heating layer, a second resistive heating layer, and an electrical insulator layer between the first resistive heating layer and the second resistive heating layer. The resistive heating layer each comprise a respective plurality of mutually electrically insulated resistive heating strips that extend in a mutually different directions. Respective pairs of a resistive heating strip of the first plurality and a resistive heating strip of the second plurality overlap in respective areas.