An electric drive system, method and apparatus includes a rechargeable energy storage unit, a power inverter, and a rotary electric machine. Transfer of electrical power between the rechargeable energy storage unit and the rotary electric machine is governed by a pulse width modulation (PWM) switching frequency, which is one of a non-six-step switching mode or a six-step switching mode. Executable instructions determine a rotational speed, a torque command, a torque direction, a bus voltage, and a hysteresis band, determine a modulation index command in response to the rotational speed, the torque command, the torque direction, and the bus voltage, and command operation of the rotary electric machine in one of the non-six-step switching mode or the six-step switching mode employing the modulation index command.

An electrical machine comprising: at least one stator, at least one module, the at least one module comprising at least one electromagnetic coil and at least one switch, the at least one module being attached to the at least one stator; at least one rotor with a plurality of magnets attached to the at least one rotor, an integrated electrical differential coupled to at least one of the rotors, the at least one integrated electrical differential permitting the at least one rotor to output at least two rotational outputs to corresponding shafts, wherein the at least two rotational outputs are able to move the shafts at different rotational velocities to one another. The electrical machine is configured to fit into a housing, and that can be retrofitted into a conventional vehicle by replacing the mechanical differential.

A method controls switching states of a multi-level converter with multiple modules. Each module has: terminals on a first and second side; controllable switches; and an energy store in series with a first switch in a first connection between the terminals. A second switch is arranged in a connection between the terminals. The control of the switching states is divided into a real-time and offline part. In the real-time part, for each time step: a voltage level is allocated to a voltage requirement; a total switching state is determined in a first switching table for the voltage level; and the total switching state is passed on as a control signal to the switches. In the offline part: a second switching table is calculated, resulting in accordance with a minimization of a cost function.

A method performed in a vehicle control unit for controlling an electric machine (EM) of a heavy-duty vehicle, wherein the heavy-duty vehicle comprises an energy storage system (ESS) connected to the EM, the method comprising obtaining an energy absorption capability of the ESS, determining an amount of regenerated energy by the EM during braking, and configuring an efficiency level of the EM in dependence of the energy absorption capability of the ESS relative to the amount of regenerated energy by the EM during braking.

A vehicle includes a multi-core processor having first, second, and cores and having first and second analog-to-digital converters (ADC) associated with the first and second cores, respectively. The first and second ADC are configured to convert analog phase currents to first and second digital phase current values, respectively. The multi-core processor is configured to generate first and second rotor-angle data from digital signals representing a position of the electric machine. The processor is programmed to, via the first core, estimate a first output torque of the electric machine based on the first rotor-angle data and the first digital phase current values, via the second core, estimate a second output torque based on the second rotor-angle data and the second digital phase current values, and, via the third core, command de-activation of the electric machine in response to a difference between the first and second output torques exceeding a threshold.

An electric vehicle control system and a control method, an electric vehicle power-on method, an electric vehicle power-off method, and an electric vehicle charging method are disclosed in this application. The control system includes a domain, control unit controlling an electric vehicle, a current sampling unit sampling the current of a power battery and a motor of the electric vehicle and sending sampling signals to the domain control unit, and electrical device, driven by the power battery, sampling the current flowing through it and sending the sampling signals to the domain control unit. The domain control unit, according to the sampling signals sent by the electrical device and the current sampling unit, manages the power battery and controls a motor driver module and the electrical device. The structure of the control system and the control policy are simplified and the power-on and power-off time is shortened.

Circuits, methods, and systems for driving a load are described. An exemplary driving circuit may include a plurality of switching devices and a controller electrically connected to the switching devices. The controller may be configured to receive a reference voltage signal indicating a target voltage for the driving circuit to generate to drive the load. The reference voltage signal may correspond to a reference space vector in a reference frame. The controller may also be configured to determine that the reference space vector falls within a holding region in which the reference voltage signal is subject to over-modulation. The controller may then generate an adjusted reference voltage signal by adjusting the reference space vector to match a predetermined space vector associated with the holding region. In addition, the controller may be configured to provide the adjusted reference voltage signal to the plurality of switching devices to drive the load.

Circuits, methods, and systems for driving a load are described. An exemplary driving circuit may include a plurality of switching devices and a controller electrically connected to the switching devices. The controller may be configured to receive a reference voltage signal indicating a target voltage for the driving circuit to generate to drive the load. The reference voltage signal may correspond to a reference space vector in a reference frame. The controller may also be configured to determine that the reference space vector falls within a holding region in which the reference voltage signal is subject to over-modulation. The controller may then generate an adjusted reference voltage signal by adjusting the reference space vector to match a predetermined space vector associated with the holding region. In addition, the controller may be configured to provide the adjusted reference voltage signal to the plurality of switching devices to drive the load.

A method for controlling a power train and corresponding system. A method for controlling a power train equipping a motor vehicle and comprising an electric motor provided with a rotor and a stator, said method comprising the regulation of the currents of the rotor and the stator delivering control signals to the electric motor, said currents to be regulated and said control signals being expressed in a rotating reference system and comprising a plurality of axes. The method includes a measurement of the values of the currents of the rotor and the stator, a transformation of said measurements into said rotating reference system, a determination of minimum and maximum limits for each of the currents on the basis of said control signals, and a comparison of the measured signals with said minimum and maximum limits.

A control unit applied to a motor that includes a rotor having a field winding and a rotor having armature winding groups to control a field current passed through the field winding. Each of the armature winding groups is applied with a prescribed voltage. The field current is controlled so as to be a minimum field current value If_min with which a deviation between an amplitude of an induced voltage generated in the armature winding groups by rotation of the rotor, and an amplitude of the voltage applied to the armature winding groups becomes equal to or smaller than a prescribed value.