A portable device includes a reception antenna and a strength meter. The reception antenna includes antennas of three axes each receiving a first signal and a second signal. The strength meter measures a reception strength of the request signal and the request signal received by each of the three axes of the LF receiver. A relay attack determination device is provided with a comparator that executes a comparative process of strength ratios of the request signal and the request signal based upon a measurement value of the reception strength. In a case where the three axes include an ineffective axis, in which the measurement value of the reception strength of the request signal or the request signal deviates from a usable range, the comparator excludes the ineffective axis and executes the comparative process.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, a system is provided for facilitating localizing an external device, the system comprising: at least one UWB communication node; a controller operatively coupled to said UWB communication node, wherein the controller is configured to switch the UWB communication node between a ranging mode of operation and a radar mode of operation in dependence on an estimated distance between the UWB communication node and the external device.

An access system includcomprises a control unit in a vehicle, and a portable electronic device comprising a battery and a switch or a button. The portable electronic device comprises a transponder unit wirelessly supplied with power by the control unit . The control unit transmits a request signal to the portable electronic device. The portable electronic device checks, upon receipt of the request signal, whether supplying power by the battery is possible, provides wireless power supply by the control unit to the transponder unit, transmits a response signal to the control unit when supplying power by the battery is not possible, and when supplying power by the battery is possible and the switch or button was actuated within a specific time period around the receipt of the request signal. The vehicle is unlocked if the portable electronic device is recognized as belonging to the vehicle based on the response signal.

A vehicle including a locking member configured to lock and unlock a door of the vehicle, a manipulation member provided on a handle of the door, a camera configured to obtain an image, a communicator configured to communicate with an external device, and a controller including a facial recognition processor configured to recognize a face based on image information obtained by the camera, and an authentication processor configured to perform a user authentication based on the face information , the controller being configured to obtain distance information of the external device based on a signal received by the communicator, transmit a booting instruction to the facial recognition processor based on the distance information, transmit a facial recognition instruction to the facial recognition processor based on the distance information after the booting is completed, and control operation of the locking member based on user authentication information and a manipulation signal.

A transportation vehicle having a BLUETOOTH® Low Energy (BLE) system to send and receive BLE advertising signals, BLE connection request signals and BLE data signals via at least one antenna, a central locking system to lock or unlock at least one vehicle door of the transportation vehicle, and a control unit to activate the BLE system and to activate the central locking system based on the BLE data signals. Also disclosed is an electronic vehicle radio key and a system for passive access to a transportation vehicle including a transportation vehicle, an electronic vehicle radio key and a smartphone. The system allows a user passive access to the transportation vehicle, both with the aid of the electronic vehicle radio key and with the aid of the smartphone.

The present disclosure provides an apparatus, method and system for use with a vehicle having passive keyless entry and start (PKES) system including a vehicle unit and a key fob storage unit. The vehicle unit is to be installed with the vehicle having a first transceiver, a first relay transceiver an authentication unit, a first controller for controlling said first relay transceiver allowing said transmission if said user is authenticated. The key fob storage unit comprises at least one housing for securely holding at least one key fob associated with said PKES systems of said vehicles, a second, said second wireless relay w wherein said first relay transceiver and said second relay transceiver allows said PKES system and said key fob to communicate from a distance larger than a range of said PKES system signals.

Switching signals are transmitted that cause a reception sensitivity to wireless signals of an electronic key to be lowered.

A number of techniques are disclosed for making it more convenient and efficient for customers to conduct various rental vehicle transactions. As an example, a technique for performing an automated pickup of a rental vehicle using a mobile device is disclosed. As another example, a technique for performing an automated return administration of a rental vehicle using a mobile device is disclosed. As another example, a technique for permitting customer to select a particular rental vehicle for a rental vehicle transaction using a mobile device is disclosed. Also disclosed is a technique for permitting a customer to keylessly start a rental vehicle using a machine-sensible item such as his/her mobile device without requiring the customer to possess a smart key.

An access arrangement for a vehicle comprises a vehicle transmission/reception device configured to transmit multiple interrogation signals to a mobile identification transmitter, receive corresponding response signals from the mobile identification transmitter in response to the transmitted interrogation signals, and determine a respective time interval that elapsed between the transmission of an interrogation signal and the reception of a corresponding response signal. Furthermore, the access arrangement comprises a vehicle control device configured to output a different control command based on a change in the specific time intervals for two transmitted interrogation signals. The interrogation signals and response signals are in accordance with the UWB standard. Based on the evaluation of the time-of-flight differences of two interrogation signals, it is possible to detect when the mobile identification transmitter changes location or remains at one location, and accordingly to output a different and appropriate control command by the vehicle control device.

A method and system for detecting if a relay is present in a PEPS system for a vehicle is provided by (a) determining whether movement of an authentication device was detected within a predefined time period after the authentication device enters a PEPS entry operational region; and (b) determining if the authentication device was stationary for a predetermined time period during a PEPS entry triggering event.