A hybrid power system has an internal combustion engine, a gear box having an input connectable to the engine and an output shaft to drive a vehicle, a first power drive and take off releasably connectable to the gear box input, a second power drive and take off releasably connectable to the gear box output, at least one motor/generator connected the first and/or second power drive and take off, a connecting clutch releasably connecting the first and second power drive and take off, and a battery to power or be charged by the or each motor generator.

A driveline arrangement, comprising a first internal combustion engine, a second internal combustion engine, and a transmission arrangement comprising a first input shaft drivingly connected to a first crank shaft of the first internal combustion engine, and a second input shaft drivingly connected to the second crank shaft of the second internal combustion engine, the transmission arrangement being configured to simultaneously receive a torque from the first and second crank shafts. Further, control circuitry of a control unit is configured to control the first internal combustion engine to assume a combustion stage at a different point in time compared to the point in time at which the second internal combustion engine assumes its combustion stage by adjusting a crank angle degree of the first crank shaft.

A driveline arrangement, comprising a first internal combustion engine, a second internal combustion engine, and a transmission arrangement comprising a first input shaft drivingly connected to a first crank shaft of the first internal combustion engine, and a second input shaft drivingly connected to the second crank shaft of the second internal combustion engine, the transmission arrangement being configured to simultaneously receive a torque from the first and second crank shafts. Further, control circuitry of a control unit is configured to control the first internal combustion engine to assume a combustion stage at a different point in time compared to the point in time at which the second internal combustion engine assumes its combustion stage by adjusting a crank angle degree of the first crank shaft.

A parallel or redundant hybrid drive of a marine drivetrain of a propulsion unit includes an input shaft, which is configured to be driven by a primary drive source; a clutch unit attached to the input shaft with which rotation of the input shaft can be either connected, reversed, or disconnected; a countershaft transverse to the input shaft and driven by the input shaft via a gear; and a secondary drive source arranged via an interconnected clutch at an end of the countershaft, so that upon driving of the input shaft by the primary drive source, the secondary drive source drives the countershaft either on its own or in cooperation with the primary drive source.

A parallel or redundant hybrid drive of a marine drivetrain of a propulsion unit includes an input shaft, which is configured to be driven by a primary drive source; a clutch unit attached to the input shaft with which rotation of the input shaft can be either connected, reversed, or disconnected; a countershaft transverse to the input shaft and driven by the input shaft via a gear; and a secondary drive source arranged via an interconnected clutch at an end of the countershaft, so that upon driving of the input shaft by the primary drive source, the secondary drive source drives the countershaft either on its own or in cooperation with the primary drive source.

In a marine propulsion apparatus that transmits power of at least one of an internal combustion engine (ICE) and a generator motor (GM) mounted on a ship to a propeller via a forward reverse switching mechanism, the marine propulsion apparatus can be downsized as a whole. The marine propulsion apparatus includes a connection switching mechanism capable of selectively connecting the GM to an upstream side and a downstream side of the power transmission from the ICE in the forward reverse switching mechanism. Then, the forward reverse switching mechanism is interposed between the ICE and the connection switching mechanism, and a large torque from the ICE is not directly transmitted to the connection switching mechanism. As a result, it is not necessary to increase the capacity of the connection switching mechanism, and the connection switching mechanism and thus the marine propulsion apparatus can be downsized.

In a marine propulsion apparatus that transmits power of at least one of an internal combustion engine (ICE) and a generator motor (GM) mounted on a ship to a propeller via a forward reverse switching mechanism, the marine propulsion apparatus can be downsized as a whole. The marine propulsion apparatus includes a connection switching mechanism capable of selectively connecting the GM to an upstream side and a downstream side of the power transmission from the ICE in the forward reverse switching mechanism. Then, the forward reverse switching mechanism is interposed between the ICE and the connection switching mechanism, and a large torque from the ICE is not directly transmitted to the connection switching mechanism. As a result, it is not necessary to increase the capacity of the connection switching mechanism, and the connection switching mechanism and thus the marine propulsion apparatus can be downsized.

A control apparatus for an outboard motor (4, 5) mounted on a hull (2), comprises a control unit (30, 40) that controls an attitude of the outboard motor (4, 5) with respect to the hull (2), and a detection unit (47, 49) that detects a counter electromotive force generated by an attitude change of the outboard motor (4, 5) due to an external force applied on the outboard motor (4, 5). The control unit (30, 40) determines that an object has collided with the outboard motor (4, 5) when the counter electromotive force that exceeds a predetermined threshold is detected.

A control apparatus for an outboard motor (4, 5) mounted on a hull (2), comprises a control unit (30, 40) that controls an attitude of the outboard motor (4, 5) with respect to the hull (2), and a detection unit (47, 49) that detects a counter electromotive force generated by an attitude change of the outboard motor (4, 5) due to an external force applied on the outboard motor (4, 5). The control unit (30, 40) determines that an object has collided with the outboard motor (4, 5) when the counter electromotive force that exceeds a predetermined threshold is detected.