The present invention is directed to methods of transferring urea from an aqueous solution comprising urea to a MXene composition, the method comprising contacting the aqueous solution comprising urea with the MXene composition for a time sufficient to form an intercalated MXene composition comprising urea.

The present invention is directed to methods of transferring urea from an aqueous solution comprising urea to a MXene composition, the method comprising contacting the aqueous solution comprising urea with the MXene composition for a time sufficient to form an intercalated MXene composition comprising urea.

A cutting implement including a metal substrate and a coating is provided. The coating has zirconium PVD (ZrCRTiNO), which provides protection against corrosion of the metal substrate. In some instances, the zirconium PVD provides protection from corrosion for at least 200 hours. A layer of titanium nitride (TiN) can be added to the coating to increase the hardness of the metal substrate. In such an embodiment, the layer of titanium nitride (TiN) is applied before the zirconium PVD (ZrCRTiNO). Titanium nitride (TiN) coated steel is 3 to 5 times harder than uncoated steel. Thus, a combination of titanium nitride (TiN) and zirconium PVD (ZrCRTiNO) as a coating on a metal substrate can increase the life of the metal substrate by providing increased hardness and anti-corrosive properties.

Methods of forming transition metal dichalcogenide aerogels are provided. Some methods include adding at least one solvent to one or more two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide sheets to form a transition metal dichalcogenide solution and freeze drying the transition metal dichalcogenide solution to form frozen transition metal dichalcogenide. The methods also include heating the frozen transition metal dichalcogenide to form a transition metal dichalcogenide aerogel.

Provided are a method of producing a titanium-containing rare earth-iron-nitrogen anisotropic magnetic powder having good magnetic properties, and secondary particles for a titanium-containing anisotropic magnetic powder. The method includes: obtaining a first precipitate containing R, iron, and titanium by mixing a first precipitating agent with a solution containing R, iron, and titanium, wherein R is at least one selected from Sc, Y, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu; obtaining a second precipitate containing R and iron by mixing, in the presence of the first precipitate, a second precipitating agent with a solution containing R and iron; obtaining an oxide containing R, iron, and titanium by calcining the second precipitate; obtaining a partial oxide by heat treating the oxide in a reducing gas atmosphere; obtaining alloy particles by reducing the partial oxide; and obtaining an anisotropic magnetic powder by nitriding the alloy particles.

Provided are methods of stabilizing MXene compositions using polyanionic salts so as to reduce the oxidation of the MXenes. Also provided are stabilized MXene compositions.

Provided are methods of stabilizing MXene compositions using polyanionic salts so as to reduce the oxidation of the MXenes. Also provided are stabilized MXene compositions.

A titanium complex useful for producing a titanium-containing thin film under low temperature deposition conditions without using an oxidative gas is provided. A titanium complex represented by the general formula (1) (wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group which may be bonded with each other to form a ring, X is CR.sub.3 or a N atom, Y is CR.sub.4 or a N atom, Z is CR.sub.5 or a N atom, each of R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, and n is an integer of from 1 to 3).

Titanium nitride (TiN) nanofurnaces are fabricated in a method that involves anodization of a titanium (Ti) foil to form TiO.sub.2 nanocavities. After anodization, the TiO.sub.2 nanocavities are converted to TiN at 600° C. under ammonia flow. The resulting structure is an array of refractory (high-temperature stable) subwavelength TiN cylindrical cavities that operate as plasmonic nanofurnaces capable of reaching temperatures above 600° C. under moderate concentrated solar irradiation. The nanofurnaces show near-unity solar absorption in the visible and near infrared spectral ranges and a maximum thermoplasmonic solar-to-heat conversion efficiency of 68 percent.

Titanium nitride (TiN) nanofurnaces are fabricated in a method that involves anodization of a titanium (Ti) foil to form TiO.sub.2 nanocavities. After anodization, the TiO.sub.2 nanocavities are converted to TiN at 600° C. under ammonia flow. The resulting structure is an array of refractory (high-temperature stable) subwavelength TiN cylindrical cavities that operate as plasmonic nanofurnaces capable of reaching temperatures above 600° C. under moderate concentrated solar irradiation. The nanofurnaces show near-unity solar absorption in the visible and near infrared spectral ranges and a maximum thermoplasmonic solar-to-heat conversion efficiency of 68 percent.