Dihydrogen metaphosphate can be synthesized via protonation, and can react with a dehydrating agent to afford tetrametaphosphate anhydride. A monohydrogen tetrametaphosphate organic ester can be derived from the anhydride. A metal tetrametaphosphate complex can be prepared using a metal salt and a dihydrogen tetrametaphosphate.

Dihydrogen metaphosphate can be synthesized via protonation, and can react with a dehydrating agent to afford tetrametaphosphate anhydride. A monohydrogen tetra-metaphosphate organic ester can be derived from the anhydride. A metal tetrametaphosphate complex can be prepared using a metal salt and a dihydrogen tetrametaphosphate.

Dihydrogen metaphosphate can be synthesized via protonation, and can react with a dehydrating agent to afford tetrametaphosphate anhydride. A monohydrogen tetra-metaphosphate organic ester can be derived from the anhydride. A metal tetrametaphosphate complex can be prepared using a metal salt and a dihydrogen tetrametaphosphate.

An equilibrium solution, such as a beverage product, containing a calcium salt of a sequestrant (such as calcium hexametaphosphate), coordinated compound of a calcium sequestrant and a sequestrant allows the delivery of bio-available calcium while maintaining the preservative qualities of the sequestrant (such as sodium hexametaphosphate). In one embodiment, the reaction of a salt such as calcium hydroxide and a sequestrant such as sodium potassium hexametaphosphate (sodium potassium polyphosphate) yields such an equilibrium solution in a beverage matrix. Calcium hexametaphosphate having a relatively short phosphate chain is disclosed, as well as the method of making that material, and beverage compositions containing the material together with a sequestrant preservative, such as SHMP.

An equilibrium solution, such as a beverage product, containing a calcium salt of a sequestrant (such as calcium hexametaphosphate), coordinated compound of a calcium sequestrant and a sequestrant allows the delivery of bio-available calcium while maintaining the preservative qualities of the sequestrant (such as sodium hexametaphosphate). In one embodiment, the reaction of a salt such as calcium hydroxide and a sequestrant such as sodium potassium hexametaphosphate (sodium potassium polyphosphate) yields such an equilibrium solution in a beverage matrix. Calcium hexametaphosphate having a relatively short phosphate chain is disclosed, as well as the method of making that material, and beverage compositions containing the material together with a sequestrant preservative, such as SHMP.

Provided is an anode active material including a transition metal-metaphosphate of Chemical Formula 1:
M(PO.sub.3).sub.2<Chemical Formula 1> where M is any one selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), and silver (Ag), or two or more elements thereof. Since the anode active material of the present invention is stable and has excellent conversion reactivity while including only transition metal and phosphate without using lithium in which the price thereof is continuously increased, the anode active material of the present invention may improve capacity characteristics.

Provided is an anode active material including a transition metal-metaphosphate of Chemical Formula 1:
M(PO.sub.3).sub.2<Chemical Formula 1> where M is any one selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), and silver (Ag), or two or more elements thereof. Since the anode active material of the present invention is stable and has excellent conversion reactivity while including only transition metal and phosphate without using lithium in which the price thereof is continuously increased, the anode active material of the present invention may improve capacity characteristics.

A method of preparing an aluminum metaphosphate (ALMP) particulate product includes charging a milling chamber of a ball mill with grinding media and loading an ALMP feedstock into the milling chamber. The ALMP feedstock is milled with the grinding media into ALMP particles at a particle reduction index in a range from 0.25 to 0.5. At a plurality of time steps during a period in which the milling is carried out, a fine fraction of the ALMP particles is removed from the milling chamber while a coarse fraction of the ALMP particles remains in the milling chamber for additional milling. An ALMP particulate product with a particle size distribution having a median particle size in a range from 100 m to 700 m is prepared from the ALMP particles removed from the milling chamber.

A method of preparing an aluminum metaphosphate (ALMP) particulate product includes charging a milling chamber of a ball mill with grinding media and loading an ALMP feedstock into the milling chamber. The ALMP feedstock is milled with the grinding media into ALMP particles at a particle reduction index in a range from 0.25 to 0.5. At a plurality of time steps during a period in which the milling is carried out, a fine fraction of the ALMP particles is removed from the milling chamber while a coarse fraction of the ALMP particles remains in the milling chamber for additional milling. An ALMP particulate product with a particle size distribution having a median particle size in a range from 100 m to 700 m is prepared from the ALMP particles removed from the milling chamber.

Dihydrogen metaphosphate can be synthesized via protonation, and can react with a dehydrating agent to afford tetrametaphosphate anhydride. A monohydrogen tetra-metaphosphate organic ester can be derived from the anhydride. A metal tetrametaphosphate complex can be prepared using a metal salt and a dihydrogen tetrametaphosphate.