A hydrogen generator includes a reaction vessel, a water supply, a temperature adjustor, and a controller. The reaction vessel houses a hydrogen generating material having hydrogen generating ability. The hydrogen generating material includes a two-dimensional hydrogen boride sheet having a two-dimensional network and containing multiple negatively charged boron atoms. The controller is configured to execute a hydrogen generating mode to generate hydrogen from the hydrogen generating material and a regenerating mode to recover the hydrogen generating ability of the hydrogen generating material. The controller controls the temperature adjustor to heat the hydrogen generating material at a first predetermined temperature during the hydrogen generating mode. The controller controls the temperature adjustor to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen generating material to a second predetermined temperature and controls the water supply to supply water during the regenerating mode.

A hydrogen generator includes a reaction vessel, a water supply, a temperature adjustor, and a controller. The reaction vessel houses a hydrogen generating material having hydrogen generating ability. The hydrogen generating material includes a two-dimensional hydrogen boride sheet having a two-dimensional network and containing multiple negatively charged boron atoms. The controller is configured to execute a hydrogen generating mode to generate hydrogen from the hydrogen generating material and a regenerating mode to recover the hydrogen generating ability of the hydrogen generating material. The controller controls the temperature adjustor to heat the hydrogen generating material at a first predetermined temperature during the hydrogen generating mode. The controller controls the temperature adjustor to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen generating material to a second predetermined temperature and controls the water supply to supply water during the regenerating mode.

A method for storing and delivering hydrogen gas is described. The method includes reacting a chemical hydride with water in the presence of a synergist. The synergist advances the extent of reaction of the chemical hydride with water to increase the yield of hydrogen production. The synergist reacts with byproducts formed in the reaction of the chemical hydride with water that would otherwise inhibit progress of the reaction. As a result, a greater fraction of hydrogen available from a chemical hydride is released as hydrogen gas.

A method for storing and delivering hydrogen gas is described. The method includes reacting a chemical hydride with water in the presence of a synergist. The synergist advances the extent of reaction of the chemical hydride with water to increase the yield of hydrogen production. The synergist reacts with byproducts formed in the reaction of the chemical hydride with water that would otherwise inhibit progress of the reaction. As a result, a greater fraction of hydrogen available from a chemical hydride is released as hydrogen gas.

A hydrogen production apparatus including a photocatalyst and generating hydrogen from water includes a wavelength separation unit separating sunlight by wavelength, an infrared light conversion unit converting infrared light separated by the wavelength separation unit to visible light, and an ultraviolet light conversion unit converting ultraviolet light separated by the wavelength separation unit to visible light.

A hydrogen production apparatus including a photocatalyst and generating hydrogen from water includes a wavelength separation unit separating sunlight by wavelength, an infrared light conversion unit converting infrared light separated by the wavelength separation unit to visible light, and an ultraviolet light conversion unit converting ultraviolet light separated by the wavelength separation unit to visible light.

A process for the production of hydrogen by thermal energy based on a closed metal-chloride material cycle, where in the hydrogen release segment the metal is oxidized with hydrochloric acid at room temperature and in the regeneration segment the metal ions are reduced by heat treatment. This is a closed-cycle technological material flow, carried out by use of thermal energy and enables the production of hydrogen at room temperature on the basis of a solid energy carrier represented by metals. The process includes three main technological segments: an oxidation segment in which oxidation of a hydrogen-releasing metal is performed, a regeneration segment in which metal ions are reduced for metal regeneration, and a gaseous HCl capture segment in which gaseous HCl is dissolved in water. The material cycle is closed; there are no emissions or waste. Only water enters the process while hydrogen and oxygen exit.

A process for the production of hydrogen by thermal energy based on a closed metal-chloride material cycle, where in the hydrogen release segment the metal is oxidized with hydrochloric acid at room temperature and in the regeneration segment the metal ions are reduced by heat treatment. This is a closed-cycle technological material flow, carried out by use of thermal energy and enables the production of hydrogen at room temperature on the basis of a solid energy carrier represented by metals. The process includes three main technological segments: an oxidation segment in which oxidation of a hydrogen-releasing metal is performed, a regeneration segment in which metal ions are reduced for metal regeneration, and a gaseous HCl capture segment in which gaseous HCl is dissolved in water. The material cycle is closed; there are no emissions or waste. Only water enters the process while hydrogen and oxygen exit.

Disclosed herein are aluminum oxide aerogels and methods of making and use thereof. The methods of making the aluminum oxide aerogel include contacting a solid comprising aluminum with a Ga-based liquid alloy to dissolve at least a portion of the aluminum from the solid, thereby forming an aluminum-alloy mixture; and contacting the aluminum-alloy mixture with a fluid comprising water, thereby forming the aluminum oxide aerogel. In some examples, the methods can further comprise capturing and converting carbon dioxide to a syngas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

A gas permeable layer capable of supplying hydrogen includes a thin layer, encapsulating a hydrogen production formula. An outer side of the thin layer is airtight. An inner side is air-permeable. An inner side surface has a plurality of small holes. The thin layer can be a single layer or a composite layer. The hydrogen production formula does not dissipate. The hydrogen production formula absorbs moisture in the air or liquid water, thereby generating hydrogen. The hydrogen is released onto the skin and into the human body through the small holes. The hydrogen production formula includes metal peroxides, metal hydroxides, or metal hydrides and aluminum powder, or microsilica. The gas permeable layer can be used in sanitary products including eye masks, mouth masks, face masks, cosmetic facial masks, bras, pasties, nursing pads, sanitary napkins (towels), diapers, panty liners, wound dressing, woundplasts, bandage gauze, decubitus pads.