Synthesizing Janus material including forming a lamellar phase having water layers and organic layers, incorporating nanosheets and a functional agent into the lamellar phase, and attaching the functional agent to the nanosheets in the lamellar phase to form Janus nanosheets.

The present invention relates to an anode active material, a method of manufacturing the anode active material, and an anode and a secondary battery including the anode active material, the anode active material including secondary carbon particles formed by flocculation of a plurality of primary carbon particles having an average particle diameter (D.sub.50) in a range from 5 to 200 nm, wherein the secondary carbon particles have an average particle diameter (D.sub.50) in a range from 0.5 to 20 μm.

The present invention relates to an anode active material, a method of manufacturing the anode active material, and an anode and a secondary battery including the anode active material, the anode active material including secondary carbon particles formed by flocculation of a plurality of primary carbon particles having an average particle diameter (D.sub.50) in a range from 5 to 200 nm, wherein the secondary carbon particles have an average particle diameter (D.sub.50) in a range from 0.5 to 20 μm.

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for producing hydrogen and graphitic carbon from a hydrocarbon gas comprising: contacting at a temperature between 600° C. and 1000° C. the catalyst with the hydrocarbon gas to catalytically convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbon gas to hydrogen and graphitic carbon, wherein the catalyst is a low grade iron oxide.

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for producing hydrogen and graphitic carbon from a hydrocarbon gas comprising: contacting at a temperature between 600° C. and 1000° C. the catalyst with the hydrocarbon gas to catalytically convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbon gas to hydrogen and graphitic carbon, wherein the catalyst is a low grade iron oxide.

A device and a method for rounding a graphite material includes a feeding device for feeding the graphite material to the device; a plurality of rounding tools designed to revolve while rotating, which are arranged at the outer circumference of a disc rotating about a rotational axis and in a rotational direction; at least one guide apparatus; a separating device for separating fine material and superfine material; and a product outlet. Furthermore, provision is made such that a cover ring is arranged above the rounding tools.

A method for preparing a graphite film includes steps of preparing a carbonized frame carbonized at a temperature Ta, and an aromatic polyimide film or a carbonized film of the aromatic polyimide film carbonized at a temperature Tb, assembling the carbonized frame and the aromatic polyimide film or the carbonized film of the aromatic polyimide film into an intermediary body, carbonizing the intermediary body 1 at a temperature Td to produce a carbonized intermediary body, and graphitizing the carbonized intermediary body to produce the graphite film. The temperature Ta is larger than the temperature Tb and the temperature Tb is smaller than the temperature Td. The graphite film has a surface roughness expressed as an arithmetic mean height Sa of less than 18 nm, a thickness of 5 nm or more and less than 10 μm, and an area of 1.0 cm.sup.2 or more and less than 500 cm.sup.2.

A method for preparing a graphite film includes steps of preparing a carbonized frame carbonized at a temperature Ta, and an aromatic polyimide film or a carbonized film of the aromatic polyimide film carbonized at a temperature Tb, assembling the carbonized frame and the aromatic polyimide film or the carbonized film of the aromatic polyimide film into an intermediary body, carbonizing the intermediary body 1 at a temperature Td to produce a carbonized intermediary body, and graphitizing the carbonized intermediary body to produce the graphite film. The temperature Ta is larger than the temperature Tb and the temperature Tb is smaller than the temperature Td. The graphite film has a surface roughness expressed as an arithmetic mean height Sa of less than 18 nm, a thickness of 5 nm or more and less than 10 μm, and an area of 1.0 cm.sup.2 or more and less than 500 cm.sup.2.

A method of forming graphite includes carbonizing an upgraded coal, to form a carbonized upgraded coal. The method also includes graphitizing the carbonized upgraded coal, to form the graphite.

A method of forming graphite includes carbonizing an upgraded coal, to form a carbonized upgraded coal. The method also includes graphitizing the carbonized upgraded coal, to form the graphite.