A method of producing particles of aluminum chlorohydrate includes (a) feeding a solution of aluminum chloride through an atomizer associated with a spray dryer, so that a spray of droplets of the solution is formed in the spray dryer, (b) operating the dryer at a temperature sufficient to cause transformation of the droplets into crystal particulates and to dry the crystal particulates, such dried crystal particulates being aluminum chlorohydrate, and (c) recovering the dried crystal particulates. A product produced by the process is also described.

A solid electrolyte includes an ion conductor represented by at least one of Formulae 1 to 3,
Li.sub.1+3xM1.sub.1−xO.sub.2  Formula 1
wherein, in Formula 1, M1 is a trivalent element, and 0<x<1,
L.sub.1−yM2O.sub.2−yX.sub.y  Formula 2
wherein, in Formula 2, M2 is a trivalent element, X is at least one of a halogen atom or a pseudohalogen, and 0<y<1,
Li.sub.1−z(a−3)M3.sub.1−zD.sub.zO.sub.2  Formula 3
wherein, in Formula 3, M3 is a trivalent element, D is at least one of a monovalent element to a hexavalent element, and 0<z<1.

Processes are disclosed for the preparation of granular sorbent, useful to recover lithium values from brine. The process comprises reacting a granular aluminum hydroxide with an aqueous solution containing lithium salt and alkali hydroxide, optionally in the presence of alkali chloride. The granular aluminum hydroxide can be a compressed aluminum hydroxide having an average particle size of at least 300 microns. The granular sorbent obtained by the method and its use to recover lithium values from brine are disclosed.

Na-rich electrolyte compositions provided herein can be used in a variety of devices, such as sodium ionic batteries, capacitors and other electrochemical devices. Na-rich electrolyte compositions provided herein can have a chemical formula of Na.sub.3OX, Na.sub.3SX, Na .sub.(3-δ) M.sub.δ/2OX and Na .sub.(3-δ) M.sub.δ/2SX wherein 0<δ<0.8, wherein X is a monovalent anion selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, H.sup.−, CN.sup.−, BF.sub.4.sup.−, BH.sub.4.sup.−, ClO.sub.4.sup.−, CH.sub.3.sup.−, NO.sub.2.sup.−, NH.sub.2.sup.− and mixtures thereof, and wherein M is a divalent metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium and mixtures thereof. Na-rich electrolyte compositions provided herein can have a chemical formula of Na .sub.(3-δ) M.sub.δ/3OX and/or Na .sub.(3-δ) M.sub.δ/3SX; wherein 0<δ<0.5, wherein M is a trivalent cation M.sup.3, and wherein X is selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, H.sup.−, CN.sup.−, BF.sub.4.sup.−, BH.sub.4.sup.−, ClO.sub.4.sup.−, CH.sub.3.sup.−, NO.sub.2.sup.−, NH.sup.2− and mixtures thereof. Synthesis and processing methods of NaRAP compositions for battery, capacitor, and other electrochemical applications are also provided.

An inorganic oxide of the present invention has a composition represented by General formula (1): M.sub.2LnX.sub.2(AlO.sub.4).sub.3 (where M includes Ca, Ln includes Tb, and X includes at least either one of Zr and Hf). Then, a number of Tb atoms in General formula (1) is 0.1 or more to 1 or less. Moreover, a crystal structure of the inorganic oxide is a garnet structure. A phosphor made of this inorganic oxide is capable of being excited by short-wavelength visible light, and can radiate narrow-band green light.

Described herein is a process for converting halocarbons into inorganic salts comprising a halogen, the process comprising reacting a halocarbon with a metal salt to produce the inorganic salt comprising a halogen; wherein the metal salt comprises a metal and an electronegative element selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, chlorine, selenium, bromine and iodine, or a mixture thereof; wherein the halogen of the halocarbon is more electronegative than the electronegative element of the metal salt.

Described herein is a process for converting halocarbons into inorganic salts comprising a halogen, the process comprising reacting a halocarbon with a metal salt to produce the inorganic salt comprising a halogen; wherein the metal salt comprises a metal and an electronegative element selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, chlorine, selenium, bromine and iodine, or a mixture thereof; wherein the halogen of the halocarbon is more electronegative than the electronegative element of the metal salt.

Processes for making magnesium-containing layered double hydroxides from a magnesium phosphate-containing mineral are disclosed, as well as a magnesium-containing layered double hydroxides and their uses.

A dense β″-alumina/zirconia composite solid electrolyte and process for fabrication are disclosed. The process allows fabrication at temperatures at or below 1600° C. The solid electrolytes include a dense composite matrix of β″-alumina and zirconia, and one or more transition metal oxides that aid the conversion and densification of precursor salts during sintering. The composite solid electrolytes find application in sodium energy storage devices and power-grid systems and devices for energy applications.

A solid electrolyte includes an ion conductor represented by at least one of Formulae 1 to 3,

Li.sub.1+3xM1.sub.1-xO.sub.2   Formula 1

wherein, in Formula 1, M1 is a trivalent element, and 0<x<1,

L.sub.1-yM2O.sub.2-yX.sub.y   Formula 2

wherein, in Formula 2, M2 is a trivalent element, X is at least one of a halogen atom or a pseudohalogen, and 0<y<1,

Li.sub.1-z(a-3)M3.sub.1-zD.sub.zO.sub.2   Formula 3

wherein, in Formula 3, M3 is a trivalent element, D is at least one of a monovalent element to a hexavalent element, and 0<z<1.