A metal double salt dispersion liquid including an organic solvent and a metal double salt, wherein the metal double salt has a composition represented by M(R.sup.1COO).sub.m-x-y(OH).sub.xA.sub.y(H.sub.2O).sub.z, where M is a metal element, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, A is an anion, m is a valence of the metal element M, 0<x+y<m, x>0, y≥0, and z≥0, and when the metal double salt dispersion liquid is subjected to a centrifugal operation at a relative centrifugal force of 10,000 G for 5 minutes, a proportion of metal elements not forming a precipitate to all metal elements contained in a total of the metal double salt dispersion liquid is 10.0 mol % or more.

An oxide superconductor according to an embodiment includes an oxide superconducting layer includes a single crystal having a continuous perovskite structure containing at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium, barium, and copper, containing praseodymium in a part of the site of the rare earth element in the perovskite structure, and having a molar ratio of praseodymium of 0.00000001 or more and 0.2 or less with respect to the sum of the at least one rare earth element and praseodymium; fluorine in an amount of 2.0×10.sup.15 atoms/cc or more and 5.0×10.sup.19 atoms/cc or less; and carbon in an amount of 1.0×10.sup.17 atoms/cc or more and 5.0×10.sup.20 atoms/cc or less.

An oxide superconductor according to an embodiment includes an oxide superconducting layer includes a single crystal having a continuous perovskite structure containing at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium, barium, and copper, containing praseodymium in a part of the site of the rare earth element in the perovskite structure, and having a molar ratio of praseodymium of 0.00000001 or more and 0.2 or less with respect to the sum of the at least one rare earth element and praseodymium; fluorine in an amount of 2.0×10.sup.15 atoms/cc or more and 5.0×10.sup.19 atoms/cc or less; and carbon in an amount of 1.0×10.sup.17 atoms/cc or more and 5.0×10.sup.20 atoms/cc or less.

A system and method thereof are provided for multi-stage processing of one or more precursor compounds into a battery material. The system includes a mist generator, a drying chamber, one or more gas-solid separators, and one or more in-line reaction modules comprised of one or more gas-solid feeders, one or more gas-solid separators, and one or more reactors. Various gas-solid mixtures are formed within the internal plenums of the drying chamber, the gas-solid feeders, and the reactors. In addition, heated air or gas is served as the energy source within the processing system and as the gas source for forming the gas-solid mixtures to facilitate reaction rate and uniformity of the reactions therein. Precursor compounds are continuously delivered into the processing system and processed in-line through the internal plenums of the drying chamber and the reaction modules into final reaction particles useful as a battery material.

A system and method thereof are provided for multi-stage processing of one or more precursor compounds into a battery material. The system includes a mist generator, a drying chamber, one or more gas-solid separators, and one or more in-line reaction modules comprised of one or more gas-solid feeders, one or more gas-solid separators, and one or more reactors. Various gas-solid mixtures are formed within the internal plenums of the drying chamber, the gas-solid feeders, and the reactors. In addition, heated air or gas is served as the energy source within the processing system and as the gas source for forming the gas-solid mixtures to facilitate reaction rate and uniformity of the reactions therein. Precursor compounds are continuously delivered into the processing system and processed in-line through the internal plenums of the drying chamber and the reaction modules into final reaction particles useful as a battery material.

Porous metal oxide microspheres are prepared via a process comprising forming a liquid dispersion of polymer nanoparticles and a metal oxide; forming liquid droplets of the dispersion; drying the droplets to provide polymer template microspheres comprising polymer nanospheres; and removing the polymer nanospheres from the template microspheres to provide the porous metal oxide microspheres. The porous microspheres exhibit saturated colors and are suitable as colorants for a variety of end-uses.

Porous metal oxide microspheres are prepared via a process comprising forming a liquid dispersion of polymer nanoparticles and a metal oxide; forming liquid droplets of the dispersion; drying the droplets to provide polymer template microspheres comprising polymer nanospheres; and removing the polymer nanospheres from the template microspheres to provide the porous metal oxide microspheres. The porous microspheres exhibit saturated colors and are suitable as colorants for a variety of end-uses.

Porous metal oxide microspheres are prepared via a process comprising forming a liquid solution or dispersion of polydisperse polymer nanoparticles and a metal oxide; forming liquid droplets from the solution or dispersion; drying the liquid droplets to provide polymer template microspheres comprising polymer nanospheres and metal oxide; and removing the polymer nanospheres from the template microspheres to provide the porous metal oxide microspheres. The porous microspheres exhibit saturated colors and are suitable as colorants for a variety of end-uses.

Porous metal oxide microspheres are prepared via a process comprising forming a liquid solution or dispersion of polydisperse polymer nanoparticles and a metal oxide; forming liquid droplets from the solution or dispersion; drying the liquid droplets to provide polymer template microspheres comprising polymer nanospheres and metal oxide; and removing the polymer nanospheres from the template microspheres to provide the porous metal oxide microspheres. The porous microspheres exhibit saturated colors and are suitable as colorants for a variety of end-uses.

A continuous process for producing a material of a battery cell using a system having a mist generator, a drying chamber, one or more gas-solid separators and a reactor is provided. A mist generated from a liquid mixture of two or more metal precursor compounds in desired ratio is dried inside the drying chamber. Heated air or gas is served as the gas source for forming various gas-solid mixtures and as the energy source for reactions inside the drying chamber and the reactor. One or more gas-solid separators are used in the system to separate gas-solid mixtures from the drying chamber into solid particles mixed with the metal precursor compounds and continuously deliver the solid particles into the reactor for further reaction to obtain final solid material particles with desired crystal structure, particle size, and morphology.