The disclosure discloses a method for recycling lead paste in a spent lead-acid battery, comprising: (1) pretreating lead paste in a spent lead-acid battery as a raw material under vacuum; mixing the pretreated lead paste with a chlorination reagent to obtain reactants; and heating the reactants under vacuum to carry out a chlorination volatilization reaction, so that lead element in the pretreated lead paste is combined with chlorine element in the chlorination reagent to form lead chloride, which is then volatilized, and after the reaction is completed, chlorination residue and a crude lead chloride product are obtained by condensation and crystallization after volatilization; (2) purifying the crude lead chloride product obtained in the step (1) under vacuum to obtain a refined lead chloride product. The disclosure improves the overall process flow of the recycling method as well as parameter conditions of the respective steps thereof, and can effectively solve the problem of serious pollution in lead paste recycling in the prior art.

The disclosure discloses a method for recycling lead paste in a spent lead-acid battery, comprising: (1) pretreating lead paste in a spent lead-acid battery as a raw material under vacuum; mixing the pretreated lead paste with a chlorination reagent to obtain reactants; and heating the reactants under vacuum to carry out a chlorination volatilization reaction, so that lead element in the pretreated lead paste is combined with chlorine element in the chlorination reagent to form lead chloride, which is then volatilized, and after the reaction is completed, chlorination residue and a crude lead chloride product are obtained by condensation and crystallization after volatilization; (2) purifying the crude lead chloride product obtained in the step (1) under vacuum to obtain a refined lead chloride product. The disclosure improves the overall process flow of the recycling method as well as parameter conditions of the respective steps thereof, and can effectively solve the problem of serious pollution in lead paste recycling in the prior art.

According to one or more embodiments presently described, metal-containing particles may be made by a method that includes introducing a molten material into a reaction zone of a reactor system, passing a process gas into the reaction zone in a direction substantially tangential to a sidewall of the reaction zone, and contacting the process gas with the molten material in the reaction zone to form metal-containing particles. The molten material may be introduced into an upper portion of the reaction zone The reaction zone may include a substantially circular cross-section, and the molten metal may be introduced into the reaction zone in a laminar flow or as atomized particles.

According to one or more embodiments presently described, metal-containing particles may be made by a method that includes introducing a molten material into a reaction zone of a reactor system, passing a process gas into the reaction zone in a direction substantially tangential to a sidewall of the reaction zone, and contacting the process gas with the molten material in the reaction zone to form metal-containing particles. The molten material may be introduced into an upper portion of the reaction zone The reaction zone may include a substantially circular cross-section, and the molten metal may be introduced into the reaction zone in a laminar flow or as atomized particles.

Lead is recovered from lead paste of a lead acid battery in a continuous and electrochemical lead recovery process. In especially preferred aspects, lead paste is processed to remove residual sulfates, and the so treated lead paste is subjected to a thermal treatment step that removes residual moisture and reduces lead dioxide to lead oxide. Advantageously, such pretreatment will avoid lead dioxide accumulation and electrolyte dilution.

Lead is recovered from lead paste of a lead acid battery in a continuous and electrochemical lead recovery process. In especially preferred aspects, lead paste is processed to remove residual sulfates, and the so treated lead paste is subjected to a thermal treatment step that removes residual moisture and reduces lead dioxide to lead oxide. Advantageously, such pretreatment will avoid lead dioxide accumulation and electrolyte dilution.

A method for recycling lead-containing waste comprises: (a) dissolving the lead-containing waste in an aqueous solution of a first acid to form a solution of a first lead salt; (b) adding a second acid to the solution of the first lead salt to form a lead-depleted solution and a precipitate of a second lead salt; and (c) converting the precipitate of the second lead salt into leady oxide, wherein the first lead salt has a higher solubility in water than the second lead salt. The method may be used for recycling spent lead-acid battery paste.

A method for recycling lead-containing waste comprises: (a) dissolving the lead-containing waste in an aqueous solution of a first acid to form a solution of a first lead salt; (b) adding a second acid to the solution of the first lead salt to form a lead-depleted solution and a precipitate of a second lead salt; and (c) converting the precipitate of the second lead salt into leady oxide, wherein the first lead salt has a higher solubility in water than the second lead salt. The method may be used for recycling spent lead-acid battery paste.

According to one or more embodiments presently described, a mixture of lead oxide and lead metal particles may be formed by a method that includes forming a molten metal lead material from a solid lead metal supply material, introducing the molten metal lead material into a reaction zone of a reactor, and contacting the molten metal lead material with an oxidizing gas in the reaction zone to oxidize a portion of the molten metal lead material and form at least solid lead oxide particles and solid lead metal particles. The molten metal lead material may be introduced to the reaction zone in a laminar flow or as atomized molten particles. The weight ratio of formed solid lead oxide particles to solid lead metal particles may be less than 99:1.

According to one or more embodiments presently described, a mixture of lead oxide and lead metal particles may be formed by a method that includes forming a molten metal lead material from a solid lead metal supply material, introducing the molten metal lead material into a reaction zone of a reactor, and contacting the molten metal lead material with an oxidizing gas in the reaction zone to oxidize a portion of the molten metal lead material and form at least solid lead oxide particles and solid lead metal particles. The molten metal lead material may be introduced to the reaction zone in a laminar flow or as atomized molten particles. The weight ratio of formed solid lead oxide particles to solid lead metal particles may be less than 99:1.