The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a structure of a titanium compound selected from the group consisting of sheets, wires and tubes. The present invention also relates to intermediate products and structures comprising titanium dioxide obtainable by the method. The invention provides an improved method giving improved yield as well as other advantages.

Disclosed are embodiments of tungsten bronze crystal structures that can have both a high dielectric constant and low temperature coefficient, making them advantageous for applications that experience temperature changes and gradients. In particular, tantalum can be substituted into the crystal structure to improve properties. Embodiments of the material can be useful for radiofrequency applications such as resonators and antennas.

The present invention relates to a material of the formula SnTiO.sub.3 having a crystal structure comprised of layers, wherein the layers comprise Sn(II) ions, Ti(IV) ions and edge-sharing O.sub.6-octahedra, the edge-sharing O.sub.6-octahedra form a sub-layer, the Ti(IV) ions are located within ⅔ of the edge-sharing O.sub.6-octahedra, thus forming edge-sharing TiO.sub.6-octahedra, the edge-sharing TiO.sub.6-octahedra form a honeycomb structure within the sub-layer, the honeycomb structure comprising hexagons with Ti(IV)-vacancies within the hexagons, the Sn(II) ions are located above and below the Ti(IV)-vacancies with respect to the sub-layer, the Ti(IV) ions are optionally substituted with M, M is one or more elements selected from Group 4 and Group 14 elements, and the crystal structure satisfies at least one of the following features (i) and (ii): (i) the Sn(II) ions have a tetrahedral coordination sphere involving three O ions of the layer and the electron lone pair of the Sn(II) ions which is situated at an apical position relative to the three O ions of the layer, (ii) the layers are stacked so that each layer is translated relative to each adjacent layer by a stacking vector S1 or a stacking vector S2, the centers of adjacent hexagons form a parallelogram with a side having a length x and side having a length y, the stacking vector S1 is a combined translation along the side having the length x by ⅔ x and along the side having a lengthy by ⅓ y, the stacking vector S2 is a combined translation along the side having the length x by ⅓ x and along the side having a lengthy by ⅔ y, and the crystal structure comprises layers translated relative to adjacent layers by the stacking vector S1 and layers translated relative to adjacent layers by the stacking vector S2. The present invention is further directed to a material of the formula SnTiO.sub.3 having a tetragonal perovskite-type crystal structure, a method for the preparation of SnTiO.sub.3, a device comprising a ferroelectric material and a use of the material of the formula SnTiO.sub.3 in a ferroelectric element.

A nanoparticle cluster reduction method yields a new composition of matter including a large percentage (e.g., 75% or higher percentage) of primary nanoparticles in the new composition of matter. The particle reduction method reduces the size of nanoparticle clusters in material of the new composition of matter, allows particle reduction of specific nanoparticle cluster sizes, and allows particle reduction to primary nanoparticles. This new composition of matter can include a high permittivity and high resistivity dielectric compound. This new composition of matter, according to certain examples, has high permittivity, high resistivity, and low leakage current. In certain examples, the new composition of matter constitutes a dielectric energy storage device that is a battery with very high energy density, high operating voltage per cell, and an extended battery life cycle. An example method can include a controlled gas evolution reaction to reduce the size of nanoparticle clusters.

Disclosed are embodiments of tungsten bronze crystal structures that can have both a high dielectric constant and low temperature coefficient. Embodiments of the material can be useful for radiofrequency applications such as resonators and antennas.

The invention provides a ceramic composite oxide of formula (I): (1−x)AaBbOy+xCcDdOz (I) wherein A, B, C and D are each independently selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, In, Sn, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ta, W, Bi and mixtures thereof; x is 0.05 to 0.95; y and z are balanced by the charge of the cations; 0≤a, b, c, d≤1; and wherein said ceramic composite oxide has an average particle size diameter of 10 to 700 nm.

Provided is a method for preparing a graphene-copper calcium titanate CCTO based ceramic composite dielectric material, which includes: dissolving metal ion sources in respective solvents to obtain respective solutions, and mixing the solutions evenly to obtain a precursor collosol of the CCTO based ceramic; allowing the precursor collosol of the CCTO based ceramic to stand for aging, followed by adding a graphene oxide dispersion to mix with the precursor collosol evenly, drying the resulting mixture to obtain dry precursor powders of the graphene-CCTO based ceramic, which are then grinded into fine powders, followed by irradiating by a low-power laser to obtain graphene-CCTO based ceramic composite powders; and compacting and molding the graphene-CCTO based ceramic composite powders, followed by catalytic synthesis with a high-power laser to obtain the graphene-CCTO based ceramic composite dielectric material.

A friction material composition imparts superior friction coefficient, abrasion resistance, aggressiveness against an opposite member, and brake noise preventive characteristics in high speed and high load braking to a friction material, although containing no copper, which can pollute rivers, lakes, the ocean, or other environments, or containing copper in an amount of at most 0.5 mass. Moreover, a friction material and a friction member each uses the friction material composition. The friction material composition includes a binder, an organic filler, an inorganic filler, and a fibrous base material, and the friction material composition contains copper in an amount of at most 0.5 mass % as an element or contains no copper. The binder contains silicone-rubber dispersed phenolic resin in an amount of 5 to 10 mass %. The inorganic filler contains zirconium oxide in an amount of 20 to 33 mass %.

A method for preparing a sol comprising TiO.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2 and/or hydrated forms of TiO.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2. The method includes mixing a material which includes metatitanic acid in an aqueous phase with a zirconyl compound or with a mixture of several zirconyl compounds. The material is provided either as a suspension or as a filter cake from the sulfate method. The material includes a H.sub.2SO.sub.4 content of 3 to 15 wt.-% relative to a quantity of TiO.sub.2 in the material. The zirconyl compound or the mixture of several zirconyl compounds is mixed in a quantity that is sufficient to provide the sol depending on the H.sub.2SO.sub.4 content.

The present invention relates to a lithium-titanium complex oxide, a preparation method thereof, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same and, more specifically, to a lithium-titanium complex oxide which maintains appropriate pores within particles, and which is prepared by adding a pore inducing material in the wet-milling step to adjust sizes of primary particles of the lithium-titanium complex oxide, a preparation method thereof, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same.