A fluid heating device includes a pressurizing chamber configured to store a working fluid and a heat accumulator disposed in the pressurizing chamber. The heat accumulator includes a heat accumulating member configured to release heat by receiving a pressure applied to the working fluid. The fluid heating device has improved actuation efficiency.

The present invention provides an electrically conductive material having excellent resistance to a high potential and strongly acidic environment and high electrical conductivity; and an electrode material and a fuel cell each including the same. The present invention also provides a method for simply and easily producing such an electrically conductive material. The present invention relates to an electrically conductive material including a titanium suboxide particulate powder, the titanium suboxide particulate powder including a rutile crystalline phase as a main phase, and having a composition of TiO.sub.n wherein n is 1.5 or more and 1.90 or less, and a brightness L* in the L*a*b*color system of 35 to 45.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to imprint compositions and materials and related processes useful for nanoimprint lithography (NIL). In one or more embodiments, an imprint composition contains one or more types of nanoparticles, one or more surface ligands, one or more solvents, one or more additives, and one or more acrylates.

A radio wave absorber includes a base member, and a radio wave absorption film formed on the base member. The radio wave absorption film includes at least MTC-substituted ε-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and black titanium oxide. The MTC-substituted ε-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 is a crystal belonging to the same space group as an ε-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 crystal and expressed by ε-M.sub.xTi.sub.yCo.sub.yFe.sub.2−2y−xO.sub.3 where M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ga, In, Al, and Rh, 0<x<1, and 0<y<1.

The present invention provides nanostructures for use in proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. The present invention also provides method of proliferating and differentiating neural stem cells.

The present invention provides an electrically conductive material having excellent resistance to a high potential and strongly acidic environment and high electrical conductivity; and an electrode material and a fuel cell each including the same. The present invention also provides a method for simply and easily producing such an electrically conductive material. The present invention relates to an electrically conductive material including a titanium suboxide particulate powder, the titanium suboxide particulate powder including a rutile crystalline phase as a main phase, and having a composition of TiO.sub.n wherein n is 1.5 or more and 1.90 or less, and a brightness L* in the L*a*b*color system of 35 to 45.

A titanium oxide compound according to the present invention comprises bronze-type titanium oxide or titanium oxide mainly composed of bronze-type titanium oxide, and contains calcium and/or silicon. The titanium oxide compound contains 0.005 to 2.5 mass % inclusive of calcium or 0.15 to 0.55 mass % inclusive of silicon, or contains 0.005 to 1.2 mass % inclusive of calcium and 0.15 to 0.2 mass % inclusive of silicon, or contains 0.005 to 0.1 mass % inclusive of calcium and 0.15 to 0.5 mass % inclusive of silicon.

A time-dependent element of the present invention includes a time-dependent phase transition material that undergoes solid-solid phase transition developing with time after production irrespective of the presence of an external stimulus, in which one or more physical properties of the time-dependent element selected from a group consisting of composition, volume, transmittance, reflectance, electric resistance, and magnetic property change with time. A physical property temporal change prediction device includes a physical property temporal change prediction device body having the time-dependent element and is configured to predict a temporal change in one or more physical properties selected from a group consisting of composition, volume, transmittance, reflectance, electric resistance, and magnetic property.

Methods and apparatus for increasing vacancies in a metallic structure are disclosed and for improving a hydrogen loading ratio in the metallic structure. The metallic structure comprises one or more transition metals or metal alloys. The metallic structure is prepared by forming a metal organic precursor and reducing the precursor to a metallic structure, in which a coordination number of the metal atoms is reduced and the vacancies in the metallic structure are increased.

A method for producing a particle, containing a step of heating a mixture containing TiH.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 at 700 to 950? C., wherein a molar ratio of the TiH.sub.2 to the TiO.sub.2 contained in the mixture is 5.0 to 6.8.