Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework including a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework includes at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to bridging oxygen atoms. The organometallic moieties include a hafnium atom. The hafnium atom is bonded to a bridging oxygen atom, and bridging oxygen atom bridges the hafnium atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

A non-flaky carbon material having specific optical structures, wherein the ratio between the peak intensity I110 of (110) plane and the peak intensity I004 of (004) plane of a graphite crystal determined by the powder XRD measurement, I110/I004, is 0.10 or more and 0.35 or less; an average circularity is 0.80 or more and 0.95 or less; d002 is 0.337 nm or less; and the total pore volume of pores having a diameter of 0.4 μm or less measured by the nitrogen gas adsorption method is 25.0 μl/g or more and 40.0 μl/g or less. Also disclosed is a method for producing the carbon material, a carbon material for a battery electrode, a paste for an electrode incorporating the carbon material for a battery electrode, an electrode for a lithium battery incorporating a formed body of the paste for an electrode, a lithium-ion secondary battery including the electrode and a method for producing the electrode.

Compositions comprising hydrogenated and dehydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes. At least one flake in ten has a size in excess of ten square micrometers. For example, the flakes can have an average thickness of 10 atomic layers or less.

The present invention relates to elastomer compositions comprising adducts between compounds of formula (I) preferably derived from natural sources such as mucic, pyromucic, glucaric, glycaric, galactaric, muconic acid and/or linear derivatives thereof containing ester or amide groups and/or cyclic derivatives thereof with heteroatoms in the ring, such as oxygen or nitrogen, and carbon allotropes in which the carbon is sp.sup.2 hybridized, such as for example carbon nanotubes, graphene or nanographites, carbon black.

A stable form which uses a carbon material having electrical conductivity as a raw material and that the electrical conductivity of the carbon material is retained and/or improved, and which improves the electricity generation properties when used in a catalyst layer for a fuel cell. The present invention is directed to, e.g., a calcined material of a mixture of an aromatic compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a carbon material having electrical conductivity.

A composite nanomaterial of ZnO impregnated by, e.g., a green copper phthalocyanine compound (CuPc) can be an efficient solar light photocatalyst for water remediation. The composite may include hollow shell microspheres and hollow nanospheres of CuPc-ZnO. CuPc may function as a templating and/or structure modifying agent, e.g., for forming hollow microspheres and/or nanospheres of ZnO particles. The composite can photocatalyze the degradation of organic pollutants such as crystal violet (CV) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as well as microbes in water under solar light irradiation. The ZnO-CuPc composite can be stable and recyclable under solar irradiation.

A disaggregation method for NDs (nanodiamonds) comprising: sonicating NDs dispersed in water; and sedimenting non-disaggregated NDs by centrifugation. Optionally, the method includes sonicating the disaggregated NDs with CAN [(NH.sub.4).sub.2Ce(NO.sub.3).sub.6] to produce CAN modified NDs and washing to remove excess CAN. Populations of disaggregated NDs are also disclosed. In some embodiments the populations are provided as an aqueous suspension.

The present invention relates to a MXene electrode for electronic products having excellent oxidation stability and flexibility and a method for manufacturing the same, and more specifically to a MXene electrode which has excellent stability from changes such as oxidation in a driving environment, excellent transparency and mechanical properties and high electrical conductivity such that it is appropriate to be used as a transparent electrode in electronic devices, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Several variations of synthetic carbon materials are disclosed. The materials can assume a variety of properties, including high electrical conductivity. The materials also can have favorable structural and mechanical properties. They can form gas impenetrable barriers, form insulating structures, and can have unique optical properties.

An aqueous secondary battery including: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator; and an aqueous electrolytic solution including water and a metal salt represented by Chemical Formula 1 A.sub.xD.sub.y and having molality of about 5 M to about 40 M wherein in Chemical Formula 1, A is at least one metal ion selected from a sodium ion, a potassium ion, a magnesium ion, a calcium ion, a strontium ion, a zinc ion, or a barium ion, D is at least one type of atomic group ion selected from Cl.sup.−, SO.sub.4.sup.2−, NO.sub.3.sup.−, ClO.sub.4.sup.−, SCN.sup.−, CF.sub.3SO.sub.3.sup.−, C.sub.4F.sub.3SO.sub.3.sup.−, (CF.sub.3SO.sub.2).sub.2N.sup.−, AlO.sub.2.sup.−, AlCl.sub.4.sup.−, AsF.sub.6.sup.−, SbF.sub.6.sup.−, BR.sub.4.sup.−, and PO.sub.2F.sub.2.sup.−, and 0<x≤2, and 0<y≤2.