A method of preparing iron oxide nanoparticles using an herbal mixture comprising Capparis spinosa, Cichorium intybus, Solanum nigrum, Cassia occidentalis, Terminalia arjuna, Achillea millefolium, and Tamarix gallica. The method produces crystalline γ-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 nanoparticles which are superparamagnetic. The iron oxide nanoparticles are used in a method of killing or inhibiting the growth of a bacteria and/or fungus, particularly in the form of a biofilm. The nanoparticles are also used in a method of treating colon cancer.

The present invention is characterized by including an aromatic vinyl-based copolymer, glass fiber, and zinc oxide, wherein the zinc oxide has an average particle size (D50) of about 0.5 to 3 μm as measured by a particle size analyzer, and a size ratio (B/A) of peak B, spanning the range of 450 to 600 nm, to peak A, spanning the range of 370 to 390 nm, of about 0.01 to 1.0 when measuring photoluminescence. The thermoplastic resin composition exhibits excellent rigidity, antibacterial properties, weather resistance, external appearance and the like.

Systems, devices, and techniques for manufacturing a crystalline material (e.g., large crystal material) through the solid state conversion of a polycrystalline material are described. A device may be configured to concurrently heat a volume of ribbon, such as an alumina ribbon, using multiple heat sources. For example, a first heat source may heat a first volume of the ribbon and a second heat source may concurrently heat a second volume, for example, within the first volume, where the ribbon may comprise polycrystalline material. The concurrent heating may drive grain growth in the polycrystalline material in at least the second volume, which may convert the polycrystalline material to crystalline material having one or more grains that are larger than one or more grains of the polycrystalline material. The processed ribbon may include a large crystal material or a single crystal material.

Use of a porous precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) to retain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a method of reducing emission of VOCs from a composition, the method comprising adding a porous PCC to the composition, said compositions such as polymer compositions and methods of making said compositions.

A positive electrode active material precursor for a secondary battery, which is a secondary particle in which primary particles are aggregated, includes a core portion including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn), and a shell portion surrounding a surface of the core portion and including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and aluminum (Al), wherein the core portion and the shell portion has rod-shaped primary particles, and an average major axis length of the primary particles of the shell portion is smaller than an average major axis length of the primary particles of the core portion. A method of preparing the positive electrode active material precursor, and a positive electrode active material prepared by using the positive electrode active material precursor are also provided.

The present invention provides pitch-based ultrafine carbon fibers containing nitrogen atoms, wherein the average fiber diameter is more than 100 nm but not more than 900 nm; the content of the nitrogen atoms as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is 1.00% by atom or less; and the true density is from 1.95 to 2.20 g/cm.sup.3.

The present invention provides the compound LiMn.sub.2--x-yNa.sub.xM.sub.yO.sub.4/Na.sub.1-zMnLi.sub.zM.sub.tO.sub.2/Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, to be used as a positive electrode for rechargeable lithium ion battery, where M is a metal or metalloid, 0.0≤x≤0.5; 0.0≤y≤0.5; 0.1≤z≤0.5; 0.0≤t≤0.3; as well as the method for producing it. The synthesis process includes disolving or mixing the precursor metals and then calcining them in air or controlled atmosphere in a temperature range between 250° C. and 1000° C., and for a time range of 0.5 h to 72 h to obtain the composite proposed with the interaction of its three present phases, presenting a high retention capacity during repeated loading/unloading cycles and excellent discharge capacity both at room temperature and up to 55° C.

Embodiments of the invention include silica fiber compositions useful for treatment of animal wounds and tissue, as well as for other applications in industry. The fiber compositions may be formed via electrospinning of a sol gel produced with a silicon alkoxide reagent, such as tetraethyl ortho silicate, alcohol solvent, and an acid catalyst.

The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and more particularly, to a positive electrode active material including a lithium composite oxide containing at least nickel and cobalt, wherein since the cobalt in the lithium composite oxide has a concentration gradient having at least different slopes from a surface portion toward a central portion, it is possible to improve the stability of particles not only in a surface portion of the lithium composite oxide but also in a central portion thereof, a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery using the negative electrode.

The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and more particularly, to a bimodal-type positive electrode active material including a first lithium composite oxide as a small particle and a second lithium composite oxide as a large particle, wherein the positive electrode active material may uniformly improve the particle stability of the small particle and the large particle by controlling a slope of a concentration gradient in which cobalt in the small particle and the large particle decreases from a surface portion toward a central portion, a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery using the positive electrode.