A positive active material is provided. The positive active material may include lithium, an additive metal, and at least one of nickel, cobalt, manganese, or aluminum. The additive metal may include an element different from nickel, cobalt, manganese, and aluminum. An average content of the additive metal may be less than 2 mol %.

Systems and methods for production of consistently-sized ZSM-22 zeolite catalyst crystals, a method including preparing an aluminate solution; preparing a silica solution; mixing the aluminate solution and the silica solution to form a zeolite-forming solution; heating the zeolite solution with microwave irradiation in a first, a second, a third, and a fourth distinct isothermal stage to produce the consistently-sized ZSM-22 zeolite catalyst crystals within a pre-selected crystal size range using a non-ionic surfactant.

A positive active material is provided. The positive active material may include lithium, an additive metal, and at least one of nickel, cobalt, manganese, or aluminum. The additive metal may include an element different from nickel, cobalt, manganese, and aluminum, and an average content of the additive metal may be less than 2 mol %.

A titania-carbon-sulfur composite including a titania-carbon composite prepared by mixing cylindrical carbon materials and titania (TiO.sub.2-x), in which some oxygen is reduced (i.e., x is less than 2), to have a structure in which cylindrical carbon materials are entangled and interconnected in three dimensions; and sulfur introduced into at least a part of the external surface and inside of the titania-carbon (TiO.sub.2C) composite, and a method for preparing the same.

A nanostructure is provided that in one embodiment includes a cluster of cylindrical bodies. Each of the cylindrical bodies in the cluster are substantially aligned with one another so that their lengths are substantially parallel. The composition of the cylindrical bodies include tungsten (W) and sulfur (S), and each of the cylindrical bodies has a geometry with at least one dimension that is in the nanoscale. Each cluster of cylindrical bodies may have a width dimension ranging from 0.2 microns to 5.0 microns, and a length greater than 5.0 microns. In some embodiments, the cylindrical bodies are composed of tungsten disulfide (WS2). In another embodiment the nanolog is a particle comprised of external concentric disulfide layers which encloses internal disulfide folds and regions of oxide. Proportions between disulfide and oxide can be tailored by thermal treatment and/or extent of initial synthesis reaction.

Provided is a process for producing prelithiated particles of an anode active material for a lithium battery. The process comprises: (a) providing a lithiating chamber having at least one inlet and at least one outlet; (b) feeding a plurality of particles of an anode active material, lithium metal particles, and an electrolyte solution (containing a lithium salt dissolved in a liquid solvent) into the lithiating chamber through at least one inlet, concurrently or sequentially, to form a reacting mixture; (c) moving this reacting mixture toward the outlet at a rate sufficient for inserting a desired amount of lithium into the anode active material particles to form a slurry of prelithiated particles dispersed in the electrolyte solution; and (d) discharging the slurry out of the lithiating chamber through the at least one outlet.

The present invention relates to a ceramic printing ink composition having antibacterial function, and more particularly to a ceramic printing ink composition which is prepared by mixing deionized water, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) solvent, propylene glycol methyl ether (PM) solvent, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), a dispersing agent, a pigment. In a process of printing a pattern using the ceramic printing ink composition, the pattern is printed between or on ceramic coating layers by pad, screen or stamp printing. More specifically, ceramic coating (sol-gel) layers (1-coat, 2-coat, 3-coat, etc.) are formed and set-to-touch, after which the ceramic printing ink composition is coated on the coating layer and heated and cured simultaneously with the coating layers. Thus, bonding and adhesive strength of the ceramic printing ink composition is enhanced to enable printing to be more stably and easily performed on the ceramic coating layer.

Heat ray shielding fine particles contain calcium lanthanum boride fine particles represented by a general formula Ca.sub.xLa.sub.1-xB.sub.m, a shape of each fine particle of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles satisfies at least one of the following: 1) when scattering intensity of the calcium lanthanum boride fine particles diluted and dispersed in a solvent is measured using small-angle X-ray scattering, value Ve of a slope of a straight line is 3.8Ve1.5, 2) the particle shape is a flat cylindrical shape, or a flat spheroidal (wherein a length of a long axis is d and a length of a short axis is h) shape, with a value of aspect ratio d/h being 1.5d/h20.

A method of forming a carbon microtube includes providing a wire substrate in a heated furnace, contacting a surface of the wire substrate in the heated furnace with a reducing gas, forming a carbon microtube on the wire substrate by chemical vapor deposition of a carbon precursor in the heated furnace, and removing the carbon microtube, on the wire substrate, from the furnace.

The present invention provides a composition for antifreezing including a gold (Au) nanostructure in which at least a portion thereof is concave, thereby it is possible to increase a survival rate of cells due to having excellent effect of inhibiting ice recrystallization when cryopreservation of the cells, and maintain a texture of food even when using in the freezing of food.