An anti-bacterial photocatalytic apparatus includes one three dimensional object and one photocatalytic film. The three dimensional object is coated at least partially on the surface with the photocatalytic film. The thickness of the three dimension object underneath the photocatalytic film is at least 20 m. The transparency of the photocatalytic film is at least 90%, and the thickness of the photocatalytic film is at least 300 nm. Moreover, the photocatalytic film is photocatalytic activated by ambient light with at least 95% of a spectral power distribution (SPD) in the visible light wavelength range greater than 400 nm. When such photocatalytic apparatus is disposed in an indoor environment with normal lighting, the apparatus is photocatalytic activated and can kill the bacteria and the viruses left by people through making contact with the apparatus.

Provided are ITO particles having a non-rectangular parallelepiped shape and an aligned crystal orientation inside particles.

A method of forming a mixture including a ceramic material into a sheet, sectioning at least a portion of the sheet using a mechanical object and forming at least one shaped abrasive particle from the sheet, such that the at least one shaped abrasive particle can have a two-dimensional shape as viewed in a plane defined by a length and a width of the shaped abrasive particle selected from the group consisting of polygons, ellipsoids, numerals, Greek alphabet characters, Latin alphabet characters, Russian alphabet characters, complex shapes having a combination of polygonal shapes, and a combination thereof.

Provided are a zirconia sol having a transmittance of 45% or more at a wavelength of 400 nm, having a transmittance of 75% or more at a wavelength of 550 nm, and containing zirconia particles in an amount of 20 wt % or more, and a method for manufacturing the zirconia sol.

The pigment is composed of particles having a lattice constant a of 5.4700-5.5100 ? and containing a calcium-titanium composite oxide as a main component. The pigment selectively transmit light in a warm-color range, and can be used as an alternative material for titanium oxide. This pigment can be used for a cosmetic, for example.

An object of the present invention is to easily obtain zirconium oxide particles that contain a metallic element such as a rare earth oxide (preferably stabilized with a metallic element) and exhibit good dispersibility in organic media, without using an aqueous sulfate solution such as an aqueous solution of MgSO.sub.4, or using a reduced amount of the aqueous sulfate solution. The present invention is a zirconium oxide nanoparticle coated with a first carboxylic acid that is at least one of primary carboxylic acids and secondary carboxylic acids and has 3 or more carbon atoms, wherein the zirconium oxide nanoparticle comprises at least one selected from the group M consisting of rare earth elements, Al, Fe, Co, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Mn, Ni, and Cu.

Provided is a cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that improves the cycling characteristic and high-temperature storability without impairing the charge/discharge capacity and the output characteristics. A nickel cobalt containing composite hydroxide is obtained by using a batch type crystallization method in which a raw material aqueous solution that includes Ni, Co and Mg is supplied in an inert atmosphere to a reaction aqueous solution that is controlled so that the temperature is within the range 45 C. to 55 C., the pH value is within the range 10.8 to 11.8 at a reference liquid temperature of 25 C., and the ammonium-ion concentration is within the range 8 g/L to 12 g/L. An Al-coated composite hydroxide that is expressed by the general formula: Ni.sub.1-x-y-zCo.sub.xAl.sub.yMg.sub.z(OH).sub.2 (where, 0.05x0.20, 0.01y0.06, and 0.01z0.03) is obtained by mixing a slurry that includes the nickel cobalt containing composite hydroxide with a coating aqueous solution that includes Al to form a mixed aqueous solution, and coating the secondary particles with a coating film that includes Al or an Al compound. A cathode active material that is configured so that component elements that include Al are uniformly dispersed in the secondary particles is synthesized using the Al-coated composite hydroxide as a precursor.

The present invention provides a process for preparing a precipitated calcium carbonate product. The process comprises the steps of preparing slaking quick lime to obtain slaked lime; and subjecting the slaked lime, without agitation, without prior cooling in a heat exchanger, and in the absence of any additives, to carbonation with carbon dioxide gas to produce PCC. The newly prepared product develops better performance thanks to improved resistance during processing.

[Object] Provided is a means which is capable, with respect to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, of suppressing a decrease in capacity when the battery is used for a long period of time, and improving cycle characteristics. [Solving Means] Provided is a positive electrode active substance for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the positive electrode active substance being a lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide and having true density of 4.40 to 4.80 g/cm.sup.3.

Provided is a cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that improves the cycling characteristic and high-temperature storability without impairing the charge/discharge capacity and the output characteristics. A nickel cobalt containing composite hydroxide is obtained by using a batch type crystallization method in which a raw material aqueous solution that includes Ni, Co and Mg is supplied in an inert atmosphere to a reaction aqueous solution that is controlled so that the temperature is within the range 45 C. to 55 C., the pH value is within the range 10.8 to 11.8 at a reference liquid temperature of 25 C., and the ammonium-ion concentration is within the range 8 g/L to 12 g/L. An Al-coated composite hydroxide that is expressed by the general formula: Ni.sub.1-x-y-zCo.sub.xAl.sub.yMg.sub.z(OH).sub.2 (where, 0.05x0.20, 0.01y0.06, and 0.01z0.03) is obtained by mixing a slurry that includes the nickel cobalt containing composite hydroxide with a coating aqueous solution that includes Al to form a mixed aqueous solution, and coating the secondary particles with a coating film that includes Al or an Al compound. A cathode active material that is configured so that component elements that include Al are uniformly dispersed in the secondary particles is synthesized using the Al-coated composite hydroxide as a precursor.