The purpose of the present invention is to provide a carbon mixture having high electrical conductivity. A carbon mixture according to the present invention is characterized by including a fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate having a length of 1 m or more in an amount of 20 wt % or more.

Methods to fabricate tightly packed arrays of nanoparticles are disclosed, without relying on organic ligands or a substrate. In some variations, a method of assembling particles into an array comprises dispersing particles in a liquid solution; introducing a triggerable pH-control substance capable of generating an acid or a base; and triggering the pH-control substance to generate an acid or a base within the liquid solution, thereby titrating the pH. During pH titration, the particle-surface charge magnitude is reduced, causing the particles to assemble into a particle array. Other variations provide a device for assembling particles into particle arrays, comprising a droplet-generating microfluidic region; a first-fluid inlet port; a second-fluid inlet port; a reaction microfluidic region, disposed in fluid communication with the droplet-generating microfluidic region; and a trigger source configured to trigger generation of an acid or a base from at least one pH-control substance contained within the reaction microfluidic region.

The present invention relates to a molecular sieve, particularly to an ultra-macroporous molecular sieve. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the molecular sieve and to its application as an adsorbent, a catalyst, or the like. The molecular sieve has a unique X-ray diffraction pattern and a unique crystal particle morphology. The molecular sieve can be produced by using a compound represented by the following formula (I),

##STR00001## wherein the definition of each group and value is the same as that provided in the specification, as an organic template. The molecular sieve is capable of adsorbing more/larger molecules, thereby exhibiting excellent adsorptive/catalytic properties.

The present invention relates to a molecular sieve, particularly to an ultra-macroporous molecular sieve. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the molecular sieve and to its application as an adsorbent, a catalyst, or the like. The molecular sieve has a unique X-ray diffraction pattern and a unique crystal particle morphology. The molecular sieve can be produced by using a compound represented by the following formula (I), ##STR00001## wherein the definition of each group and value is the same as that provided in the specification, as an organic template. The molecular sieve is capable of adsorbing more/larger molecules, thereby exhibiting excellent adsorptive/catalytic properties.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to copper nanoparticle structures for reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products. In one aspect, a method includes providing a plurality of copper nanoparticles. The plurality of copper nanoparticles are deposited on a support. The plurality of copper nanoparticles are transformed to a plurality of copper structures during an operation in which carbon dioxide is reduced. The plurality of copper nanoparticles on the support are used as a working electrode in an electrochemical cell during the operation.

A lithium deficient cathode active material for lithium-ion batteries is described. More particularly, the lithium deficient cathode active material can have multiphase structures, including both a layered or hexagonal structure (e.g., having an R-3m space group) and a spinel structure (e.g., having a .sub.Fd-m space group). Batteries including the cathode active material and methods of preparing the cathode active material are also described.

Aluminum nitride crystal particles, aluminum nitride powders containing the same, production processes for both of them, an organic polymer composition comprising the aluminum nitride crystal particles and a sintered body. Each of the aluminum nitride crystal particles has a flat octahedral shape in a direction where hexagonal faces are opposed to each other, which is composed of two opposed hexagonal faces and 6 rectangular faces, in which the average distance D between two opposed corners of each of the hexagonal faces is 3 to 110 m, the length L of the short side of each of the rectangular faces is 2 to 45 m, and L/D is 0.05 to 0.8; each of the hexagonal faces and each of the rectangular faces cross each other to form a curve without forming a single ridge; and the true destiny is 3.20 to 3.26 g/cm.sup.3.

A process for preparing a stable Group VIII Period 4 element (iron, cobalt, or nickel) B site and chlorine O site modified lithium manganese-based AB.sub.2O.sub.4 spinel cathode material is provided. The general formula of the B and O site modified lithium manganese-based AB.sub.2O.sub.4 spinel is LixMn.sub.2-yM.sub.yO.sub.4-z(Cl.sub.z) where M is Fe, Co or Ni. In addition, a Group VIII Period 4 element (iron, cobalt, or nickel) B site and chlorine O site modified lithium manganese-based AB.sub.2O.sub.4 spinel cathode material is provided. Furthermore, a lithium or lithium ion rechargeable electrochemical cell is provided, incorporating the Group VIII Period 4 element (iron, cobalt, or nickel) B site and chlorine O site modified lithium manganese-based AB.sub.2O.sub.4 spinel cathode material in a positive electrode.

A method of fabricating titanium oxide having a hexagonal column shape is provided. The fabricating method includes preparing a first mixture solution containing oxalic acid and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), and adding a second mixture solution including titanium to the first mixture solution to fabricate titanium oxide having a hexagonal column shape.

A negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a plurality of composite particles. Each of the plurality of composite particles includes an inorganic particle, one or more covering layers, each of which is in contact with a surface of the inorganic particle, and a carbonaceous material layer that covers the inorganic particle and has voids. The carbonaceous material layer includes a first region having a porosity of 4.3% or more and 10.0% or less, the first region being a region extending from the surface of the inorganic particle to the surface of an imaginary sphere that is centered at the center of the inorganic particle and has a radius of 3r, where r is a radius of the inorganic particle. Each of the voids is separated by one of the one or more covering layers from the surface of the inorganic particle.