An apparatus for producing pure water has: biological treatment means for biological treatment of water to be treated that contains an organic material; means for adding hypohalogous acid that is positioned downstream of biological treatment means and that adds hypohalogous acid to the water to be treated after the biological treatment is carried out; and ultraviolet ray radiating apparatus that is positioned downstream of means for adding hypohalogous acid and that radiates ultraviolet rays to the water to be treated to which the hypohalogous acid has been added.

A method of remediation of soil and groundwater containing hydrocarbons and halogenated compounds. The method includes introducing a remediation composition into the soil that includes: (a) a first bioremediation material including a first blend of organisms capable of degrading the hydrocarbons; (b) a second bioremediation material including a second blend of organisms differing from the first blend of organisms that is chosen for degrading the halogenated compounds; (c) an organic compound such as a complex carbohydrate (e.g., food grade starch); and (d) a third blend of organisms degrading the organic compound. The degrading of the organic compound breaks the complex carbohydrate into smaller molecules that are utilized by the microorganisms of at least one of the first and second bioremediation materials during the degrading of the hydrocarbons and the halogenated compounds. The first bioremediation composition typically includes activated carbon capable of adsorbing the hydrocarbons and the halogenated compounds.

The present disclosure provides an urban river channel direct purification device. The device includes a support wall panel arranged vertically, an upper tray and a lower tray arranged horizontally, an upper end of the support wall panel is connected with the upper tray, a lower end of the support wall panel is connected with the lower tray, the upper tray and the lower tray are respectively semi-circular, several filler biological walls are disposed between the upper tray and the lower tray, a top end of each filler biological wall is fixedly connected with the bottom of the upper tray, a bottom end of each filler biological wall is fixedly connected with the lower tray, and the filler biological wall is arranged along a radial direction of the upper tray/lower tray. The device can purify the water of the river channel through the adsorption material in the device.

A method comprises: removing most suspending solid pollutants after a primary treatment for the sewage which is then placed into a secondary biochemical treatment section; mixing the magnetic sludge carbon carrier and a solvent to prepare a mixed solution which is then placed into the secondary biochemical treatment section synchronously with the sewage; uniformly mixing the sewage, the magnetic sludge carbon carrier and the activated sludge in a biochemical treatment construction; performing a dreg-water separation in a sedimentation tank on the mixed solution flowing out of the secondary biochemical treatment section; and recycling magnetic particles with the magnetic separation apparatus. The sewage treatment process with a magnetic sludge carbon carrier cooperated with standard upgrading and capacity improvement, which not only addresses sludge removal in sewage treatment plants, but also is cooperated with standard upgrading and capacity improvement, has advantages of saving investment cost, good sewage treatment effect, environmental friendliness etc.

A biological reactor system treats concentrated contaminated water with a combination of upflow and downflow bioreactors that are downstream from a reverse osmosis or other concentrator. The system may have a fail safe configuration where flush water may be introduced to the reactors in the event of a power failure or when taking the reactors offline. Many reverse osmosis systems introduce antiscalant treatments upstream so that the reverse osmosis filters do not scale. However, such treatments result in superconcentrated conditions of the antiscalants in the contaminated water processed by the bioreactors. A flushing system may deconcentrate the bioreactors to prevent the antiscalants from precipitating and fouling the bioreactors.

An ecological slope protection has an efficient water purification function, built in a land-lake ecozone along the bank of a basin, wherein the body of the ecological slope protection extends into the water of the basin, and has a flexible mattress laid on the surface thereof; an ecological filter pool is provided below the flexible mattress and is isolated from the water of the basin by means of the pool body; the ecological filter pool is contained with a filler layer and a support layer, and the filler layer is supported by the support layer; the sewage pretreated via a sedimentation pool is introduced into the ecological filter pool and treated by the filler layer to clean up pollutants therein and reduce its eutrophication level; and the treated sewage is discharged from the ecological slope protection via the support layer and enters the basin.

A method for enhancing biochemical water treatment by a powder carrier includes: (i) screening the powder carrier by removing impurities to obtain a screened powder carrier; (ii) dissolving the screened powder carrier by stirring to prepare a slurry, enabling the screened powder carrier to completely absorb moisture to obtain a soaked powder carrier slurry; (iii) adjusting the pH value and adding the soaked powder carrier slurry into a bioreactor or a biological reaction structure; (iv) distributing the soaked powder carrier slurry uniformly through a hydraulic agitation; (v) loading a microorganism on the inner pore and wrapping on the surface of the soaked powder carrier slurry to obtain powder-loaded biological floccules; (vi) settling the powder-loaded biological floccules in a sedimentation zone and separating the powder carrier from the microorganism for reuse.

A completely biological method for removing a first group of micropollutants of pharmaceutical origin and a second group of micropollutants of pharmaceutical origin from raw wastewater includes: providing a first buffer tank upstream of a bioreactor; providing a moving bed membrane bioreactor (MB-MBR) for developing biomass growth both on a fixed support and in suspension in a form of flocs, and on mobile supports, the bioreactor obtaining an effluent with a COD concentration of organic matter of less than 50 mg l.sup.−1 and a total nitrogen concentration of less than 15 mg l.sup.−1; providing a biofiltration tank, separate from the first buffer tank of the bioreactor, that includes one or more biologically activated carbon (BAC) columns containing activated carbon; supplying the first buffer tank upstream of the bioreactor with raw wastewater containing micropollutants of pharmaceutical origin; pretreating the wastewater by passing the wastewater through a fine mesh sieve.

A biological reactor system treats concentrated contaminated water with a combination of upflow and downflow bioreactors that are downstream from a reverse osmosis or other concentrator. The system may have a fail safe configuration where flush water may be introduced to the reactors in the event of a power failure or when taking the reactors offline. Many reverse osmosis systems introduce antiscalant treatments upstream so that the reverse osmosis filters do not scale. However, such treatments result in superconcentrated conditions of the antiscalants in the contaminated water processed by the bioreactors. A flushing system may deconcentrate the bioreactors to prevent the antiscalants from precipitating and fouling the bioreactors.

[Problem] A carrier for retaining anammox bacteria, an anammox bacteria-adhered particle, and a wastewater treatment apparatus are provided that can remarkably reduce the start-up period for obtaining a nitrogen removal speed of 1 kg-N/m.sup.3/day.

[Solution] A carrier for retaining anammox bacteria includes carbon particles. The carbon particles are desirably graphite particles, particularly isotropic graphite particles. The carbon particles desirably have a zeta potential of 35 mV to 0 mV and an average particle size of 2 m to 1000 m.