A system and method for processing sewage sludge using pyrolysis to eliminate and/or significantly reduce organic chemical compounds, including plastics, and to produce a biochar product that is safe for beneficial uses is provided. The system and method can utilize pyrolysis to treat sewage sludge which dramatically reduces or eliminates regulated and unregulated synthetic organic chemical compounds in the resultant biochar.

An object is to provide an efficient treatment method for organic compounds using constitutive 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacterium strain N23. As a means for achieving the object, a biodegradation treatment method is provided, wherein organic compounds are biodegradation-treated with strain N23, which is a constitutive 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacterium deposited under Accession No. NITE BP-02032, under a condition of pH 3.0 or higher but no higher than 5.5.

A cement composition based on a sulfoaluminate clinker is described, together with its use for agglomerating and inerting sediment/dredging sludge, and the relative inerting method and apparatus.

Bacteria-based catalysts including a bacterium and one or more metal oxides are disclosed. The metal oxides are dispersed on the surface of the bacterium. The bacterium can be an electrogenic bacterium, which employs an extracellular electron transport pathway to transfer metabolically generated electrons to cell-exterior. The bacteria-based catalysts can be made by: (a) oxidizing a substrate molecule by a bacterium to generate electrons; (b) transporting the electrons to one or more metal oxide precursors; and (c) reducing the metal oxide precursors to metal oxides. The bacteria-based catalysts disclosed herein can be used in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, or chemical catalysis. For example, they can catalyze oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and outperform commercial metal oxide catalyst for OER with superior operational stability.

The article includes a porous scaffold structure comprising a plurality of supports. The article further includes a plurality of metallic or non-metallic nanomaterials disposed on at least one of the supports. Each of the plurality of metallic or non-metallic nanomaterials is directly bound to at least one of the supports.

Disclosed are methods, apparatuses and systems for the remediation of contaminated soils, groundwater, water, and/or waste using a combination of reagents. The disclosed methods may be used to treat various recalcitrant halogenated substances, such as perfluoroalkyls and polyfluoroalkyls. Particular combinations of reagents that may be used in the disclosed methods include but are not limited to: (1) persulfate, oxygen and ozone; (2) persulfate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (3) persulfate, phosphate, and/or oxygen; (4) persulfate, phosphate, oxygen and ozone; (5) persulfate, phosphate, salt and oxygen (6) persulfate, phosphate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (7) oxygen and salt; and (8) air and salt. The disclosed methods may include the transfer of contaminants from an aqueous phase to a foam prior to the destruction of the contaminants.

Disclosed are methods, apparatuses and systems for the remediation of contaminated soils, groundwater, water, and/or waste using a combination of reagents. The disclosed methods may be used to treat various recalcitrant halogenated substances, such as perfluoroalkyls and polyfluoroalkyls. Particular combinations of reagents that may be used in the disclosed methods include but are not limited to: (1) persulfate, oxygen and ozone; (2) persulfate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (3) persulfate, phosphate, and/or oxygen; (4) persulfate, phosphate, oxygen and ozone; (5) persulfate, phosphate, salt and oxygen (6) persulfate, phosphate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (7) oxygen and salt; and (8) air and salt. The disclosed methods may include the transfer of contaminants from an aqueous phase to a foam prior to the destruction of the contaminants.

A water treatment apparatus includes: a treatment tank, having therein a grounded electrode and a high-voltage electrode opposing the grounded electrode, for generating electric discharge between both the electrodes, and causing to-be-treated water to pass between the electrodes and contact with the electric discharge to perform water treatment, an ozone mixing portion for supplying ozone-containing gas in the treatment tank through a gas sending portion to the to-be-treated water supplied from outside, and a gas returning portion for sending gas in the ozone mixing portion to the treatment tank, are provided, and water treatment is performed by ozone in the ozone mixing portion, and water treatment is thereafter performed by the electric discharge in the treatment tank.

Catalysts prepared from abundant, cost effective metals, such as cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, iron, and copper, and containing one or more neutrally charged ligands (e.g., monodentate, bidentate, and/or polydentate ligands) and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. Exemplary ligands include, but are not limited to, phosphine ligands, nitrogen-based ligands, sulfur-based ligands, and/or arsenic-based ligands. In some embodiments, the catalyst is a cobalt-based catalyst or a nickel-based catalyst. The catalysts described herein are stable and active at neutral pH and in a wide range of buffers that are both weak and strong proton acceptors. While its activity is slightly lower than state of the art cobalt-based water oxidation catalysts under some conditions, it is capable of sustaining electrolysis at high applied potentials without a significant degradation in catalytic current. This enhanced robustness gives it an advantage in industrial and large-scale water electrolysis schemes.

An object is to provide an efficient treatment method for organic compounds using constitutive 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacterium strain N23. As a means for achieving the object, a biodegradation treatment method is provided, wherein organic compounds are biodegradation-treated with strain N23, which is a constitutive 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacterium deposited under Accession No. NITE BP-02032, under a condition of pH 3.0 or higher but no higher than 5.5.