An evaporation system for spray evaporating undesired water comprising: a first pump, a container comprising a sump, a second pump, a spray manifold comprising a spray nozzle, a packing system disposed within the container, a third pump, and an air system comprising an air blower and an air preheater is disclosed. An outlet of a water inlet is connected to an inlet of the first pump. A first portion of a ceiling of the container is constituted by a demister element such that the first portion of the ceiling is entirely configured as an outlet for evaporated water. A second portion of the ceiling is adjacent to an upper edge of a wall of the container. An outlet of the first pump is connected to an inlet of the container. An inlet of a draw line is disposed in the sump; and an outlet of the draw line is connected to an inlet of the second pump. An outlet of the second pump is connected to an inlet of the spray manifold. The spray nozzle discharges water droplets onto the packing system. An inlet of the third pump is connected to an outlet of the sump. An outlet of the third pump is connected to a discharge outlet. The air system is disposed through the wall of the container; and the air system discharges air flow counter to and/or crossways to the water droplets from the spray nozzle. A method of using the evaporation system is also disclosed.

A humidifier includes a storage water tank configured to accommodate a predetermined amount of water; a circulation water tank having a smaller capacity than the storage water tank and including a circulation low water level sensor; a supply pump configured to supply water from the storage water tank to the circulation water tank; a circulation pump configured to supply water from the circulation water tank to a humidifying member; a residual water tank configured to accommodate water discharged from the circulation water tank; a drainage member disposed between the circulation water tank and the residual water tank selectively to discharge water from the circulation water tank to the residual water tank and a processor configured to control the drainage member to discharge water from the circulation water tank to the residual water tank when a low water level signal is received from the circulation low water level sensor.

Provided are water treatment systems and methods of treating water. A water treatment system comprises a first wire coil wrapped around a water pipe at a first angle, wherein the first angle is less than 90°, as measured from a direction of water flow through the water pipe; a second wire coil wrapped around the water pipe at a second angle, wherein the second angle is more than 90°, as measured from the direction of water flow through the water pipe; and a controller configured to send a first electric current to the first wire coil to generate a first magnetic field and a second electric current to the second wire coil to generate a second magnetic field.

A method of treating a metal carbonate salt includes hydrolyzing a metal halide salt to form a hydrohalic acid and a hydroxide salt of the metal in the metal halide salt. The metal includes an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal. The method includes reacting the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt, wherein the metal carbonate salt is a carbonate salt of the alkaline earth metal or alkali metal, to form CO.sub.2 and the metal halide salt. At least some of the metal halide salt formed from the reacting of the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt is recycled as at least some of the metal halide salt in the hydrolyzing of the metal halide salt to form the hydrohalic acid and the hydroxide salt.

Disclosed herein are graphene quantum dot tagged water source treatment compounds or polymers, and methods of making and using. Also described herein are tagged compositions including an industrial water source treatment compound or polymer combined with a graphene quantum dot tagged water source treatment compound or polymer. The tagged materials are tailored to fluoresce at wavelengths with minimized correspondence to the natural or “background” fluorescence of irradiated materials in industrial water sources, enabling quantification of the concentration of the water source treatment compound or polymer in situ by irradiation and fluorescence measurement of the water source containing the tagged water source treatment compound or polymer. The fluorescence measurement methods are similarly useful to quantify mixtures of tagged and untagged water source treatment compounds or polymers present in an industrial water source.

The present disclosure is directed to filtering technologies that combine elements of continuous and batch NF/RO based on the constraints of the end-user facility to achieve a target balance between, for instance, recovery and power consumption, and to reduce long term operating cost of a plant. A method for extending batch operation into a second induction period with antiscalant injection is also disclosed herein, with the second induction period allowing for yet higher water recovery.

The subject invention provides microbe-based products, as well as their use to improve oil production and refining efficiency by, for example, remediating the disposable layers in oil tanks and other oil storage units. In preferred embodiments, the microbe-based products comprise biochemical-producing yeast and growth by-products thereof, such as, e.g., biosurfactants. The subject invention can be used to remediate rag layer and/or other dissolved solid layers that form in water-oil emulsions. Furthermore, the subject invention can be used for remediating solid impurities, such as sand, scale, rust and clay, in produced water, flow-back, brine, and/or fracking fluids.

A cleaning agent comprising a polyacrylate terpolymer and a maleic olefin compound may be added to an aqueous system having a metal surface, such as a metal surface of a heat exchanger, in a concentration sufficient to remove fouling deposits from the metal surface in neutral or alkaline conditions. The removal of fouling deposits with the application of the cleaning agent may occur while the system is shut down or in service.

This invention relates to a composition comprising: (a) 10-20 wt % acidifying bacteria, (b) 30-40 wt % of an oxidising agent, (c) 5-15 wt % of an organic acid, and (d) 1-10 wt % of a chelating agent. The invention also relates to a method of removing uric acid from a waste pipe comprising the step of inserting the composition into the waste pipe.

Formation of CaSO.sub.4 and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 containing deposits is reduced in a pressure oxidation autoclave and/or adjacent circuits during pressure oxidation of gold-containing ore. The gold-containing ore is combined with water to create an aqueous slurry that is heated and introduced into the autoclave. The method includes providing a scale inhibitor that is free of an organic polymer and includes an inorganic phosphate according to formula (I), (XPO.sub.3).sub.m, wherein X is Na, K, H, or combinations thereof, and m is at least about 6, an inorganic phosphate according to formula (II), Y.sub.n+2P.sub.nO.sub.3n+1, wherein Y is Na, K, H, an organic phosphonate; or combinations thereof, and n is at least about 6. The method includes the step of combining the scale inhibitor and at least one of the gold-containing ore, the water, and the aqueous slurry to reduce scale.