A piezoelectric thin film 3 contains a metal oxide, the metal oxide contains bismuth, potassium, titanium, iron and element M, the element M is at least one of magnesium and nickel, at least a part of the metal oxide is a crystal having a perovskite structure, and a (001) plane, a (110) plane or a (111) plane of the crystal is oriented in a normal direction dn of the surface of the piezoelectric thin film 3.

A piezoelectric thin film 3 contains a metal oxide, the metal oxide contains bismuth, potassium, titanium, iron and element M, the element M is at least one of magnesium and nickel, at least a part of the metal oxide is a crystal having a perovskite structure, and a (001) plane, a (110) plane or a (111) plane of the crystal is oriented in a normal direction dn of the surface of the piezoelectric thin film 3.

A ferrite sintered magnet 100 comprises M-type ferrite crystal grains 4 having a hexagonal structure, two-crystal grain boundaries 6a formed between two of the M-type ferrite crystal grains 4, and multiple-crystal grain boundaries 6b surrounded by three or more of the M-type ferrite crystal grains 4. This ferrite sintered magnet 100 contains at least Fe, Ca, B, and Si, and contains B in an amount of 0.005 to 0.9 mass % in terms of B.sub.2O.sub.3, the two-crystal grain boundaries 6a and the multiple-crystal grain boundaries 6b contain Si and Ca, and in a cross-section parallel to a c-axis of the ferrite sintered magnet, when the number of multiple-crystal grain boundaries 6b having a maximum length of 0.49 to 5 μm per cross-sectional area of 76 μm.sup.2 is N, N is 7 or less.

A ferrite sintered magnet 100 comprises M-type ferrite crystal grains 4 having a hexagonal crystal structure, two-crystal grain boundaries 6a formed between two of the M-type ferrite crystal grains 4, and multiple-crystal grain boundaries 6b surrounded by three or more of the M-type ferrite crystal grains 4. This ferrite sintered magnet 100 contains at least Fe, Ca, B, and Si, and contains B in an amount of 0.005 to 0.9 mass % in terms of B.sub.2O.sub.3, the two-crystal grain boundaries 6a and the multiple-crystal grain boundaries 6b contain Si and Ca, and in a cross-section parallel to a c-axis of the ferrite sintered magnet, when the number of multiple-crystal grain boundaries having a maximum length of 0.088 or more and less than 0.49 μm per cross-sectional area of 76 μm.sup.2 is P, P is 8 or more.

A grain-oriented M-type hexagonal ferrite has the formula MeFe.sub.12O.sub.19, and a dopant effective to provide planar magnetic anisotropy and magnetization in a c-plane, or a cone anisotropy, in the hexagonal crystallographic structure wherein Me is Sr.sup.+, Ba.sup.2+ or Pb.sup.2+, and wherein greater than 30%, preferably greater than 80%, of c-axes of the ferrite grains are aligned perpendicular to the c-plane.

Paste compositions for additive manufacturing and methods for the same are provided. The paste composition may include an organic vehicle, and one or more powders dispersed in the organic vehicle. The organic vehicle may include a solvent, a polymeric binder, a thixotropic additive, and a dispersant. The organic vehicle may be configured to provide the paste composition with a suitable viscosity. The organic vehicle may also be configured to provide a stable paste composition for a predetermined period of time.

Embodiments relate to an improved hydroflux assisted densification process that introduces a transport phase (formed by the introduction of water during the process to suppress melting temperatures) for sintering, the transport phase being a non-aqueous solution. The process can facilitate sintering at low temperature ranges (at or below 300° C.) to yield densification>90% without the need for additional post-processing steps that otherwise would be needed if conventional processes were used. Control of the pressures and water content used during the process can enhance densification mechanisms related to dissolution-reprecipitation, allowing for a greater range of compositional spectra of materials that can be densified, a reduction of the amount of transport phase needed, a reduction of impurities and an improvement of properties in the densified material. Certain hydrated acetate powders can be used to generate a hydroxide mixture flux that is better for the low-temperature densification process.

In an aspect, a Co.sub.2Z-type ferrite comprises oxides of at least Me, Co, Mo, Li, and Fe; wherein Me is at least one of Ba or Sr. In another aspect, the Co.sub.2Z-type ferrite comprises a Z-type hexaferrite an amount of lithium molybdate. In another aspect, the Co.sub.2Z-type ferrite has a formula Li.sub.2MoO.sub.4.Ba.sub.xSr.sub.3-xCo.sub.2+y−zMe′.sub.yMe″.sub.zFe.sub.24-2y-mO.sub.41, wherein Me′ is at least one of Ti, Mo, Ru, Ir, Zr, or Sn; Me″ is at least one of Zn, Mn, or Mg; x is 0 to 3; y is 0 to 1.8; z is 0 to 1.8; and m is −4 to 4. In yet another aspect, a method of making a Co.sub.2Z-type ferrite comprises milling an initial Co.sub.2Z-type ferrite and Li.sub.2MoO.sub.4 to form a mixed ferrite; and calcining the mixed ferrite to form the Co.sub.2Z-type ferrite.

The disclosed technology relates to a ceramic composition and an article formed therefrom. A ceramic article for radio frequency applications is formed of a ceramic material having a chemical formula represented by: Bi.sub.1.0+aY.sub.2.0-a-x-2yCa.sub.x+2yFe.sub.5-x-yM.sup.IV.sub.xV.sub.yO.sub.12 or Bi.sub.1.0+aY.sub.2.0-a-2yCa.sub.2yFe.sub.5-y-zV.sub.yIn.sub.zO.sub.12. The ceramic material has a composition such that a normalized change in saturation magnetization (Δ4πMs), defined as Δ4πMs=[(4πMs at 20° C.)-(4πMs at 120° C.)]/(4πMs at 20° C.), is less than about 0.35.

When manufacturing a magnetic body which is made of a ferrite material containing Fe, Ni, and Zn, and whose Mn content is 0.1288 percent by mass or higher, or a magnetic body which is made of a ferrite material containing Fe, Ni, Zn, and Cu, and whose Mn content is 0.1178 percent by mass or higher, an iron oxide powder whose Mn content is 0.20 percent by mass or higher is used as a raw material powder.