Provided herein are methods for producing α,β-unsaturated ketones from the condensation of methyl ketones in the presence of an amine catalyst. Such amine catalysts may be supported, for example, on a silica-alumina support. Such amine catalysts may be used in the presence of an additional acid. The α,β-unsaturated ketones may be produced by dimerization and/or timerization of the methyl ketones. Such α,β-unsaturated ketones may be suitable for use in producing fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, or precursors thereof. The methyl ketones may be obtained from renewable sources, such as by the fermentation of biomass.

The invention concerns a process for the production of butadiene from an ethanol feed comprising at least 80% by weight of ethanol, comprising at least one step A) for the conversion of ethanol into acetaldehyde A), a step B) for converting an ethanol/acetaldehyde mixture into butadiene, a step C1) for hydrogen treatment, a step D1) for butadiene extraction, a first butadiene purification step D2), a subsequent butadiene purification step D3), an effluent treatment step E1), a step E2) for eliminating impurities and brown oils and a step F) for scrubbing with water.

The invention concerns a process for the production of butadiene from an ethanol feed comprising at least 80% by weight of ethanol, comprising at least one step A) for the conversion of ethanol into acetaldehyde A), a step B) for converting an ethanol/acetaldehyde mixture into butadiene, a step C1) for hydrogen treatment, a step D1) for butadiene extraction, a first butadiene purification step D2), a subsequent butadiene purification step D3), an effluent treatment step E1), a step E2) for eliminating impurities and brown oils and a step F) for scrubbing with water.

The present disclosure generally relates to the production of fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, and precursors thereof. The compounds used to produce the fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, and precursors thereof may be derived from biomass. The fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, and precursors thereof may be produced by a combination of intermolecular and/or intramolecular aldol condensation reactions, Guerbet reactions, hydrogenation reactions, and/or oligomerization reactions.

A method for making high density fuels including, heating a renewable plant oil, triglyceride, or fatty acid with at least one first acid catalyst to generate a first mixture of alkyladamantanes, increasing reaction time or adding at least one second catalysts to a first mixture of alkyladamantanes to produce a second alkyladamantane mixture, separating methyl, ethyl, propyl, and/or butyl adamantanes from a second alkyladamantane mixture to produce a third adamantane mixture to produce fuels.

Methods are provided for improving the yield of aromatics during conversion of oxygenate feeds. An oxygenate feed can contain a mixture of oxygenate compounds, including one or more compounds with a hydrogen index of less than 2, so that an effective hydrogen index of the mixture of oxygenates is between about 1.4 and 1.9. Methods are also provided for converting a mixture of oxygenates with an effective hydrogen index greater than about 1 with a pyrolysis oil co-feed. The difficulties in co-processing a pyrolysis oil can be reduced or minimized by staging the introduction of pyrolysis oil into a reaction system. This can allow varying mixtures of pyrolysis oil and methanol, or another oxygenate feed, to be introduced into a reaction system at various feed entry points.

Methods are provided for improving the yield of aromatics during conversion of oxygenate feeds. An oxygenate feed can contain a mixture of oxygenate compounds, including one or more compounds with a hydrogen index of less than 2, so that an effective hydrogen index of the mixture of oxygenates is between about 1.4 and 1.9. Methods are also provided for converting a mixture of oxygenates with an effective hydrogen index greater than about 1 with a pyrolysis oil co-feed. The difficulties in co-processing a pyrolysis oil can be reduced or minimized by staging the introduction of pyrolysis oil into a reaction system. This can allow varying mixtures of pyrolysis oil and methanol, or another oxygenate feed, to be introduced into a reaction system at various feed entry points.

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into products containing aldehydes and/or alcohols. The invention also relates to producing olefins from the aldehyde and alcohol, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

A method for producing butadiene, the method including: a first synthesis step of bringing a mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide into contact with a first catalyst to obtain a primary product containing ethanol as an intermediate; and a second synthesis step of bringing the primary product into contact with a second catalyst to obtain butadiene.

A method for producing butadiene, the method including: a first synthesis step of bringing a mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide into contact with a first catalyst to obtain a primary product containing ethanol as an intermediate; and a second synthesis step of bringing the primary product into contact with a second catalyst to obtain butadiene.