A novel organic compound having high stability is provided. The organic compound is represented by Formula (1) described in claim 1: In Formula (1), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, Substituent group A, and Substituent group B shown in claim 1, wherein at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is selected from Substituent group A or Substituent group B; and R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 of a substituent belonging to Substituent group A are each independently selected from Substituent group B.

A novel organic compound having high stability is provided. The organic compound is represented by Formula (1) described in claim 1: In Formula (1), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, Substituent group A, and Substituent group B shown in claim 1, wherein at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is selected from Substituent group A or Substituent group B; and R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 of a substituent belonging to Substituent group A are each independently selected from Substituent group B.

The present invention provides a composition for freezing control, a composition for freezing a cell, and a composition for freezing a food, which include a compound in which 2 to 5 amino acids, for example, 2, 3, 4, or 5 amino acids are connected to fluorenylmethyloxycarbony (Fmoc) through peptide bonding.

A composition includes: a compound including an aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure, and a partial structure represented by formula (1) which bonds to the aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure; and a solvent. The aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure has no fewer than 25 carbon atoms. In the formula (1), X represents a group represented by formula (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv); and *'s denote binding sites to two adjacent carbon atoms constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure. A method of producing a patterned substrate, includes applying the composition directly or indirectly on a substrate to form a resist underlayer film; forming a resist pattern directly or indirectly on the resist underlayer film; and carrying out etching using the resist pattern as a mask.

##STR00001##

A composition includes: a compound including an aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure, and a partial structure represented by formula (1) which bonds to the aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure; and a solvent. The aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure has no fewer than 25 carbon atoms. In the formula (1), X represents a group represented by formula (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv); and *'s denote binding sites to two adjacent carbon atoms constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure. A method of producing a patterned substrate, includes applying the composition directly or indirectly on a substrate to form a resist underlayer film; forming a resist pattern directly or indirectly on the resist underlayer film; and carrying out etching using the resist pattern as a mask.

##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are novel processes for preparing IL-2 conjugates with one or more water-soluble polymers. In one embodiment, the IL-2 conjugate comprises five poly(ethylene glycol) polymers each of which is covalently attached to the IL-2 moiety via a releasable linkage to an amino group of the IL-2 moiety.

Disclosed herein are novel processes for preparing IL-2 conjugates with one or more water-soluble polymers. In one embodiment, the IL-2 conjugate comprises five poly(ethylene glycol) polymers each of which is covalently attached to the IL-2 moiety via a releasable linkage to an amino group of the IL-2 moiety.

A composition which is useful for production of a light emitting device excellent in light emission efficiency is provided. In particular, provided is a composition containing a compound represented by formula (1) and a phosphorescent compound, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a substituent, n.sup.1 represents an integer of 1 to 14, and Ar.sup.1 represents an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and at least one of one or more groups Ar.sup.1 is a group represented by the formula (1-A), wherein the variable groups R.sup.1A to R.sup.8A, R.sup.91A, and R.sup.92A are as defined in the specification. ##STR00001##

A composition which is useful for production of a light emitting device excellent in light emission efficiency is provided. In particular, provided is a composition containing a compound represented by formula (1) and a phosphorescent compound, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a substituent, n.sup.1 represents an integer of 1 to 14, and Ar.sup.1 represents an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and at least one of one or more groups Ar.sup.1 is a group represented by the formula (1-A), wherein the variable groups R.sup.1A to R.sup.8A, R.sup.91A, and R.sup.92A are as defined in the specification. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to fluorene derivatives and electronic devices, particularly organic electroluminescent devices in which said compounds are used, particularly as a matrix material for phosphorescent emitters.