The modified graphene includes a structure represented by the following formula (I), wherein the modified graphene has a ratio (g/d) of an intensity “g” of a G band to an intensity “d” of a D band of 1.0 or more in a Raman spectroscopy spectrum thereof.

Gr1-Ar1-X1-(Y1).sub.n1  (I)

in the formula (I), Gr1 represents a single-layer graphene or a multilayer graphene, Ar1 represents an arylene group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, X1 represents a single bond, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by substituting at least one carbon atom in a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms with at least one structure selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—,

##STR00001##

—CO—, —COO—, —CONH—, and an arylene group.

The modified graphene includes a structure represented by the following formula (I), wherein the modified graphene has a ratio (g/d) of an intensity “g” of a G band to an intensity “d” of a D band of 1.0 or more in a Raman spectroscopy spectrum thereof.

Gr1-Ar1-X1-(Y1).sub.n1  (I)

in the formula (I), Gr1 represents a single-layer graphene or a multilayer graphene, Ar1 represents an arylene group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, X1 represents a single bond, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by substituting at least one carbon atom in a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms with at least one structure selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—,

##STR00001##

—CO—, —COO—, —CONH—, and an arylene group.

Catalyst composition which comprises a first zeolite having a BEA* framework type and a second zeolite having a MOR framework type and a mesopore surface area of greater than 30 m.sup.2/g is disclosed. These catalyst compositions are used to remove catalyst poisons from untreated feed streams having one or more impurities which cause deactivation of the downstream catalysts employed in hydrocarbon conversion processes, such as those that produce mono-alkylated aromatic compounds.

Catalyst composition which comprises a first zeolite having a BEA* framework type and a second zeolite having a MOR framework type and a mesopore surface area of greater than 30 m.sup.2/g is disclosed. These catalyst compositions are used to remove catalyst poisons from untreated feed streams having one or more impurities which cause deactivation of the downstream catalysts employed in hydrocarbon conversion processes, such as those that produce mono-alkylated aromatic compounds.

Described are a catalyst for producing isopropylbenzene and the production method and use thereof. The catalyst includes a support and an active component supported on the support, wherein the support comprises a support substrate and a modifying auxiliary component supported on the support substrate, wherein the active component includes metal palladium and/or an oxide thereof, and the modifying auxiliary component is phosphorus and/or an oxide thereof; optionally, the active component further includes metal copper and/or an oxide thereof; the catalyst further includes a sulfur-containing compound.

Described are a catalyst for producing isopropylbenzene and the production method and use thereof. The catalyst includes a support and an active component supported on the support, wherein the support comprises a support substrate and a modifying auxiliary component supported on the support substrate, wherein the active component includes metal palladium and/or an oxide thereof, and the modifying auxiliary component is phosphorus and/or an oxide thereof; optionally, the active component further includes metal copper and/or an oxide thereof; the catalyst further includes a sulfur-containing compound.

A process is described for producing cumene comprising contacting benzene and a C3 alkylating agent under alkylation conditions with an alkylation catalyst in an alkylation zone to produce an alkylation effluent comprising cumene and alkylaromatic compounds heavier than cumene. Cumene is recovered from the alkylation effluent to leave a byproduct stream containing the alkylaromatic compounds heavier than cumene, which is separated into a polyisopropylbenzene-containing stream, an aromatic overhead stream, and a bottoms product. At least part of the aromatic overhead stream is recycled to the alkylation zone to reduce raw material consumption and improve cumene yield.

A process is described for producing cumene comprising contacting benzene and a C3 alkylating agent under alkylation conditions with an alkylation catalyst in an alkylation zone to produce an alkylation effluent comprising cumene and alkylaromatic compounds heavier than cumene. Cumene is recovered from the alkylation effluent to leave a byproduct stream containing the alkylaromatic compounds heavier than cumene, which is separated into a polyisopropylbenzene-containing stream, an aromatic overhead stream, and a bottoms product. At least part of the aromatic overhead stream is recycled to the alkylation zone to reduce raw material consumption and improve cumene yield.

A method for purifying cumene may include splitting an alkylation reaction product into a first portion and a second portion; feeding the first portion as mostly a liquid into a benzene column; at least partially vaporizing the second portion in a heater; feeding the at least partially vaporized second portion into the benzene column. A method for purifying cumene may also include the steps of providing a benzene column and a cumene column; directing a liquid side draw from the benzene column to the cumene column, the liquid side draw being a liquid substantially free of DIPB; returning a benzene enriched vapor from the cumene column to the benzene column using an overhead line, the benzene enriched vapor having a higher concentration of benzene than the liquid side draw; and drawing purified cumene from the cumene column.

A method for purifying cumene may include splitting an alkylation reaction product into a first portion and a second portion; feeding the first portion as mostly a liquid into a benzene column; at least partially vaporizing the second portion in a heater; feeding the at least partially vaporized second portion into the benzene column. A method for purifying cumene may also include the steps of providing a benzene column and a cumene column; directing a liquid side draw from the benzene column to the cumene column, the liquid side draw being a liquid substantially free of DIPB; returning a benzene enriched vapor from the cumene column to the benzene column using an overhead line, the benzene enriched vapor having a higher concentration of benzene than the liquid side draw; and drawing purified cumene from the cumene column.