A process of converting a carbon-carbon double bond on a substrate into a cyclopropane ring, which method comprises the step of treating the substrate with a N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound, a transition metal catalyst and an aqueous base, wherein the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound is formed by reacting an alkyl amine with an alkali metal nitrite in the presence of a mono-basic or di-basic acid, or a mixture thereof, and wherein the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound is not distilled before it is mixed with the substrate, catalyst and base.

The present invention relates a method of preparing methane using -valerolactone. A solution of -valerolactone is mixed with a triruthenium dodecacarbonyl catalyst, for a reaction at 150 C.-250 C. for 1 to 12 hours, and then subjected to cooling; wherein a mass ratio of -valerolactone to the triruthenium dodecacarbonyl catalyst is between 1:2 and 1:50; and the solution of -valerolactone has a mass concentration of 50 g/L-300 g/L. In the present invention, -valerolactone is converted into methane rapidly by a one-step catalysis deoxygenation using a triruthenium dodecacarbonyl catalyst. The preparation method provided by the present invention can realize a complete conversion of -valerolactone, and the methane gas has a yield up to 45 wt %. Besides, such method has characteristics of short reaction time, high yield of methane, easy collection, simple process and convenient operation, and it has industrialized application prospect.

The invention relates to methods of hydrodeoxygenation of oxygenated compounds into compounds with unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, comprising the steps of: a) providing a reaction mixture comprising, an oxygenated compound containing one or more of a hydroxyl, keto or aldehyde group, an ionic liquid, a homogeneous metal catalyst, and carbon monoxide or a carbon monoxide releasing compound, b) reacting said reaction mixture under a H2 atmosphere at acidic conditions at a temperature between 180 and 250? C. and a pressure between 10 and 200 bar.

Disclosed is the use of a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor that catalyzes the isomerization of an unsaturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid derivative, or an unsaturated triglyceride. Also disclosed is the use of a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor that catalyzes the decarboxylation of an unsaturated organic compound. Also disclosed is the use of a catalyst or catalyst precursor for the dual function isomerization and decarboxylation of an unsaturated fatty acid to an unsaturated organic compound.

Provided is a method for producing a cyclic olefin compound, including a step of producing a cyclic olefin compound by acting a divalent nickel complex represented by General Formula (1) to decarbonylate and decarboxylate an alicyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydride, in which the divalent nickel complex includes at least one specific anionic ligand Y:
Ni(Y).sub.m(L).sub.n(1) wherein Ni is divalent nickel, Y is an anionic monodentate or polydentate ligand and has at least one Ni-E covalent bond, E is a heteroatom or a n-bonding group, m is 1 or 2, L is a neutral ligand, and n is a real number of 0 to 6.

A process of converting a carbon-carbon double bond on a substrate into a cyclopropane ring, which method comprises the step of treating the substrate with a N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound, a transition metal catalyst and an aqueous base, wherein the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound is formed by reacting an alkyl amine with an alkali metal nitrite in the presence of a mono-basic or di-basic acid, or a mixture thereof, and wherein the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound is not distilled before it is mixed with the substrate, catalyst and base.

The present disclosure describes a method of coupling a first compound to a second compound, the method comprising: providing the first compound having a fluorosulfonate substituent; providing the second compound comprising an alkene; and reacting the first compound and the second compound in a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture including a catalyst having at least one group 10 atom, the reaction mixture under conditions effective to couple the first compound to the second compound.

The present invention relates to a process for the oligomerization of ethylene, comprising: a) oligomerization of ethylene in a reactor in the presence of solvent and catalyst; b) transferring reactor overhead effluent to an externally located cooling device and recycling condensed effluent into the reactor; c) transferring the reactor bottom effluent to a series of fractionation columns and, in the following order, i) optionally separating a C4 fraction, ii) separating a C6 fraction, iii) simultaneously separating C8 and C10 fractions and recycling thereof into the reactor , and iv) separating residues comprising C12 fractions, spent catalyst polymer material and quench media, from the process, wherein the solvent is separated in any of the steps i)-iv)and/or in an additional step.

A process for producing isomerized olefins, branched aldehydes, branched alcohols, branched surfactants and other branched derivatives through isomerization, hydroformylation, hydrogenation, surfactant forming reactions and other derivative forming reactions.

Disclosed is the use of a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor that catalyzes the isomerization of an unsaturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid derivative, or an unsaturated triglyceride. Also disclosed is the use of a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor that catalyzes the decarboxylation of an unsaturated organic compound. Also disclosed is the use of a catalyst or catalyst precursor for the dual function isomerization and decarboxylation of an unsaturated fatty acid to an unsaturated organic compound.