Methods for improving the gastrointestinal tolerability of biguanide compounds and for treating metabolic disorders and/or inducing weight loss in patients in need thereof, particularly in individuals having a contraindication for treatment with biguanide compounds, are provided comprising administering delayed release formulations of such biguanide compounds, including metformin, targeted to the small intestine.

A novel compound suitable as an epoxy curing catalyst; an epoxy curing catalyst using the compound; and a method for producing the compound. A compound represented by formula (1) in which X.sup.m+ represents an m valent counter cation, R.sup.1 represents an aromatic group which may have a substituent; R.sup.2 represents an alkylene group which may have a substituent; R.sup.3 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, a sulfide group, a silyl group, a silanol group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a sulfonic acid ester group, a phosphino group, a phosphinyl group, a phosphonic acid ester group or an organic group; m represents an integer of 1 or more; n represents an integer of 0-3; and R.sup.2 may bond with R.sup.1 to form a cyclic structure.

Crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds. The molecular framework is formed from guanidinium cations and organosulfonate anions and the guanidinium cations and organosulfonate anions are associated via one or more hydrogen bond. The small molecule(s) is/are encapsulated by the molecular framework. Methods for making crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds may include combining guanidinium cations, organosulfonate anions, and small molecules in a single step. The crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds can be used to determine the structure of the small molecule(s).

Crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds. The molecular framework is formed from guanidinium cations and organosulfonate anions and the guanidinium cations and organosulfonate anions are associated via one or more hydrogen bond. The small molecule(s) is/are encapsulated by the molecular framework. Methods for making crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds may include combining guanidinium cations, organosulfonate anions, and small molecules in a single step. The crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds can be used to determine the structure of the small molecule(s).

Methods of improving athletic performance in a human, increasing the bioabsorption of the compound in a human, or of increasing the vasodilative characteristics in a human comprise administering to the human compositions and supplement formulations comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of Carnitine, Taurine, and derivative forms thereof; and a Nitrate are disclosed.

The present relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined herein. The compounds are suitable for protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Further, the present invention is concerned with compositions comprising at least one compound of formula (I).

The present relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined herein. The compounds are suitable for protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Further, the present invention is concerned with compositions comprising at least one compound of formula (I).

A nonlinear optical crystal of guanidinium tetrafluoroborate has a chemical formula of [C(NH.sub.2).sub.3]BF.sub.4 and a molecular weight of 146.89, belongs to the trigonal crystal system, has a space group of R3m; has lattice parameters of a=7.4634(10)Å, b=7.4634(10)Å, c=9.1216(19) (6)Å, and Z=3; has an ultraviolet cutoff edge of 200 nm; and has a frequency-multiplication response that is 4-5 times that of the commercialized nonlinear optical crystal KDP. A hydrothermal method, a room-temperature solution method, an evaporation method or a solvothermal method is used to grow the crystal in a centimeter-scaled size. The crystal can produce frequency-doubling, frequency-tripling, frequency-quadrupling, frequency-quintupling or frequency-sextupling harmonic light output from the fundamental frequency light of 1064 nm generated by a Nd:YAG laser, and/or can produce ultraviolet and deep-ultraviolet frequency-multiplication light output below 200 nm.

A nonlinear optical crystal of guanidinium tetrafluoroborate has a chemical formula of [C(NH.sub.2).sub.3]BF.sub.4 and a molecular weight of 146.89, belongs to the trigonal crystal system, has a space group of R3m; has lattice parameters of a=7.4634(10)Å, b=7.4634(10)Å, c=9.1216(19) (6)Å, and Z=3; has an ultraviolet cutoff edge of 200 nm; and has a frequency-multiplication response that is 4-5 times that of the commercialized nonlinear optical crystal KDP. A hydrothermal method, a room-temperature solution method, an evaporation method or a solvothermal method is used to grow the crystal in a centimeter-scaled size. The crystal can produce frequency-doubling, frequency-tripling, frequency-quadrupling, frequency-quintupling or frequency-sextupling harmonic light output from the fundamental frequency light of 1064 nm generated by a Nd:YAG laser, and/or can produce ultraviolet and deep-ultraviolet frequency-multiplication light output below 200 nm.

The present invention discloses a method for increasing absorbent capacity of a superabsorbent material (SAM) by treating the SAM with a selected multifunctional chemical agent (MCA) or a combination of a plurality of selected MCAs. The selected MCA(s) may interact with the polymer chain of the SAM through one or a plurality of mechanisms that enhance the absorbent capacity of the SAM. In various preferred embodiments, SAMs include polyelectrolytes that are made from polymerizing mixtures of acrylic acid monomer and acrylic acid sodium salt, and L-arginine or lysine is selected as the MCA.