A process of forming a flame retardant material is disclosed. The process includes forming a functionalized polybrominated diphenyl-based flame retardant compound having the following structural formula:

##STR00001##

In the structural formula, X corresponds to a functional group. The process also includes forming a flame retardant material by covalently bonding the functionalized polybrominated diphenyl-based flame retardant compound into a material using the functional group.

A process of forming a flame retardant material is disclosed. The process includes forming a functionalized polybrominated diphenyl-based flame retardant compound having the following structural formula:

##STR00001##

In the structural formula, X corresponds to a functional group. The process also includes forming a flame retardant material by covalently bonding the functionalized polybrominated diphenyl-based flame retardant compound into a material using the functional group.

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for oxidizing one or more thiol compounds from an alkaline stream. The process may include passing a mixed stream having the alkaline stream to a vessel having an oxidation section, a separation section and a vent gas section. Often, the oxidation section includes a body containing one or more packing elements. The process can further include passing an oxidized alkaline stream to the separation section containing a first chamber and a second chamber. Usually, the first chamber contains a coated mesh and packing. The two sections further form a neck contains a packing, a distributor, and a mesh.

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for oxidizing one or more thiol compounds from an alkaline stream. The process may include passing a mixed stream having the alkaline stream to a vessel having an oxidation section, a separation section and a vent gas section. Often, the oxidation section includes a body containing one or more packing elements. The process can further include passing an oxidized alkaline stream to the separation section containing a first chamber and a second chamber. Usually, the first chamber contains a coated mesh and packing. The two sections further form a neck contains a packing, a distributor, and a mesh.

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for oxidizing one or more thiol compounds from an alkaline stream. The process may include passing a mixed stream having the alkaline stream to a vessel having an oxidation section, a separation section and a vent gas section. Often, the oxidation section includes a body containing one or more packing elements. The process can further include passing an oxidized alkaline stream to the separation section containing a first chamber and a second chamber. Usually, the first chamber contains a coated mesh and packing. The two sections further form a neck contains a packing, a distributor, and a mesh.

A process and apparatus for oxidizing thiol compounds from an alkaline stream. The process includes passing a thiol rich alkaline stream and an oxygen containing gas to a low pressure oxidizing zone to oxidize at least a portion of the thiol compounds to disulfide compounds. A liquid stream comprising the alkali containing the disulfide compounds is passed through a pump to increase the pressure and form a pressurized alkaline stream. The pressurized alkaline stream and a sulfur lean liquid light hydrocarbon stream are introduced to a high pressure disulfide separation vessel to form a sulfur lean alkaline stream and a sulfur rich liquid light hydrocarbon stream.

A process and apparatus for oxidizing thiol compounds from an alkaline stream. The process includes passing a thiol rich alkaline stream and an oxygen containing gas to a low pressure oxidizing zone to oxidize at least a portion of the thiol compounds to disulfide compounds. A liquid stream comprising the alkali containing the disulfide compounds is passed through a pump to increase the pressure and form a pressurized alkaline stream. The pressurized alkaline stream and a sulfur lean liquid light hydrocarbon stream are introduced to a high pressure disulfide separation vessel to form a sulfur lean alkaline stream and a sulfur rich liquid light hydrocarbon stream.

A method for synthesizing dissymmetric sulfoether includes the following step: a) under the condition of tetrabutylammonium halide catalysis, compounds having a structure of formula (I), compounds having a structure of formula (II) and salts having sulfur and oxygen are reacted in a solvent to give dissymmetric sulfoether having a structure of formula (III).

A method for synthesizing dissymmetric sulfoether includes the following step: a) under the condition of tetrabutylammonium halide catalysis, compounds having a structure of formula (I), compounds having a structure of formula (II) and salts having sulfur and oxygen are reacted in a solvent to give dissymmetric sulfoether having a structure of formula (III).

A process and apparatus for oxidizing thiol compounds from an alkaline stream. The process includes passing a thiol rich alkaline stream and an oxygen containing gas to a low pressure oxidizing zone to oxidize at least a portion of the thiol compounds to disulfide compounds. A liquid stream comprising the alkali containing the disulfide compounds is passed through a pump to increase the pressure and form a pressurized alkaline stream. The pressurized alkaline stream and a sulfur lean liquid light hydrocarbon stream are introduced to a high pressure disulfide separation vessel to form a sulfur lean alkaline stream and a sulfur rich liquid light hydrocarbon stream.