A process for producing a surfactant having two head groups and a single tail group per molecule, including steps of: producing a compound of Formula (1) from ethanol and carbon disulfide; producing a compound of Formula (2) from a carboxylic acid and bromine; producing a compound of Formula (3) from the compound of Formula (2) and methanol; producing a compound of Formula (4) from the compound of Formula (1) and the compound of Formula (3); and producing a compound of Formula (5) from the compound of Formula (4) by a direct oxidation process or by a peracid oxidation process. The surfactant produced by the process has lower critical micelle concentration and enables a lower surface tension of a liquid as compared with prior surfactants with two head groups per molecule, thereby enabling the amount of surfactant required and thus the cost to be substantially reduced.

A process for producing a surfactant having two head groups and a single tail group per molecule, including steps of: producing a compound of Formula (1) from ethanol and carbon disulfide; producing a compound of Formula (2) from a carboxylic acid and bromine; producing a compound of Formula (3) from the compound of Formula (2) and methanol; producing a compound of Formula (4) from the compound of Formula (1) and the compound of Formula (3); and producing a compound of Formula (5) from the compound of Formula (4) by a direct oxidation process or by a peracid oxidation process. The surfactant produced by the process has lower critical micelle concentration and enables a lower surface tension of a liquid as compared with prior surfactants with two head groups per molecule, thereby enabling the amount of surfactant required and thus the cost to be substantially reduced.

Controlled radical initiators, reaction mixtures containing the controlled radical initiators and various ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polymeric materials formed from the reaction mixtures, crosslinkable compositions containing the polymeric materials, crosslinked compositions formed from the crosslinkable compositions, and various articles are provided. The controlled radical initiators are bis-dithiocarbamate or bis-dithiocarbonate compounds having a carbonyl group between the two dithiocarbamate or dithiocarbonate groups.

Controlled radical initiators, reaction mixtures containing the controlled radical initiators and various ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polymeric materials formed from the reaction mixtures, crosslinkable compositions containing the polymeric materials, crosslinked compositions formed from the crosslinkable compositions, and various articles are provided. The controlled radical initiators are bis-dithiocarbamate or bis-dithiocarbonate compounds having a carbonyl group between the two dithiocarbamate or dithiocarbonate groups.

The present invention relates to a compound having the structure of formula (I), wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are as described herein. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) and to a process for the synthesis of a polymer using the compound of formula (I) through controlled free radical polymerization. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a compound having the structure of formula (I), wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are as described herein. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) and to a process for the synthesis of a polymer using the compound of formula (I) through controlled free radical polymerization. ##STR00001##

Controlled radical initiators that are ketone-containing dithiocarbamate or ketone-containing dithiocarbonate compounds are used to form polymeric materials that have a single polymeric block or multiple polymeric blocks. Reaction mixtures containing controlled radical initiators and various ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polymeric materials formed from the reaction mixtures, crosslinkable compositions containing the polymeric materials, crosslinked compositions formed from the crosslinkable compositions, and articles containing the polymeric materials, the crosslinkable compositions, or the crosslinked compositions are provided.

Controlled radical initiators that are ketone-containing dithiocarbamate or ketone-containing dithiocarbonate compounds are used to form polymeric materials that have a single polymeric block or multiple polymeric blocks. Reaction mixtures containing controlled radical initiators and various ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polymeric materials formed from the reaction mixtures, crosslinkable compositions containing the polymeric materials, crosslinked compositions formed from the crosslinkable compositions, and articles containing the polymeric materials, the crosslinkable compositions, or the crosslinked compositions are provided.

The invention belongs to the field of mineral flotation collector materials, and particularly discloses a method for preparing thionocarbamate. In the preparation process, xanthate and 2-haloethanol are esterified to obtain O-alkyl-S-hydroxyethyl xanthate, and then O-alkyl-S-hydroxyethyl xanthate and fatty amine are reacted to obtain a mixture of thionocarbamate and 2-mercaptoethanol. The mixture of thionocarbamate and 2-mercaptoethanol is washed with alkali, and the oil phase and water phase are separated. The oil phase and water phase are thionocarbamate and 2-hydroxyethylthiolate, respectively, and 2-mercaptoethanol is obtained by washing with an acid. 2-alkylthioethanol is obtained by reacting 2-hydroxyethanethiolate with alkyl halide, and then with carbon disulfide and alkali to prepare O-alkylthioethyl xanthate. Thionocarbamate, 2-mercaptoethanol and O-alkylthioethyl xanthate prepared by this method possess high yield and high purity. The process is green and environmentally friendly, and is beneficial to the industrialization of co-production.

A method for preparing xanthate by a slurry method includes steps of: adding a mixture of dichloromethane and carbon disulfide as a reaction solvent in a slurry reactor, and then adding alcohol and caustic alkali to react with carbon disulfide under less than 1 atm to remove heat released by the reaction by evaporating the solvent; performing vacuum distillation after the reaction to remove the solvent and water, so as to obtain the xanthate; transporting the xanthate to a granulation equipment for granulating, and then drying in a drying equipment to obtain a product. The method is performed in a system formed by a reaction equipment, a solvent recovery equipment, the granulation equipment, and the drying equipment, wherein a main equipment of the reaction system is a slurry reactor. The method has advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, good safety, environmental friendliness, convenient operation and the like.