The present disclosure relates generally to processes and systems for producing liquid transportation fuels by converting a feed stream that comprises both isopentane and n-pentane, and optionally, some C6+ hydrocarbons. Isopentane and smaller hydrocarbons are separated to form a first fraction while n-pentane and larger components of the feed stock form a second fraction. Each fraction is then catalytically-activated in a separate reaction zone with a separate catalyst, where the conditions maintained in each zone maximize the conversion of each fraction to olefins and aromatics, while minimizing the production of C1-C4 light paraffins. In certain embodiments, the first fraction is activated at a lower temperature than the second fraction. Certain embodiments additionally comprise mixing at least a portion of the two effluents and contacting with an oligomerization catalyst to provide enhanced yields of aliphatic hydrocarbons that possess the characteristics of a blend component of a liquid transportation fuel or other value-added chemical products.

The present disclosure relates generally to processes and systems for producing liquid transportation fuels by converting a feed stream that comprises both isopentane and n-pentane, and optionally, some C6+ hydrocarbons. Isopentane and smaller hydrocarbons are separated to form a first fraction while n-pentane and larger components of the feed stock form a second fraction. Each fraction is then catalytically-activated in a separate reaction zone with a separate catalyst, where the conditions maintained in each zone maximize the conversion of each fraction to olefins and aromatics, while minimizing the production of C1-C4 light paraffins. In certain embodiments, the first fraction is activated at a lower temperature than the second fraction. Certain embodiments additionally comprise mixing at least a portion of the two effluents and contacting with an oligomerization catalyst to provide enhanced yields of aliphatic hydrocarbons that possess the characteristics of a blend component of a liquid transportation fuel or other value-added chemical products.

The present disclosure relates generally to processes and systems for producing liquid transportation fuels by converting a feed stream that comprises both isopentane and n-pentane, and optionally, some C6+ hydrocarbons. Isopentane and smaller hydrocarbons are separated to form a first fraction while n-pentane and larger components of the feed stock form a second fraction. Each fraction is then catalytically-activated in a separate reaction zone with a separate catalyst, where the conditions maintained in each zone maximize the conversion of each fraction to olefins and aromatics, while minimizing the production of C1-C4 light paraffins. In certain embodiments, the first fraction is activated at a lower temperature than the second fraction. Certain embodiments additionally comprise mixing at least a portion of the two effluents and contacting with an alkylation catalyst to provide enhanced yields of mono-alkylated aromatics that are suitable for use as a blend component of liquid transportation fuels or other value-added chemical products.

The present disclosure relates generally to processes and systems for producing liquid transportation fuels by converting a feed stream that comprises both isopentane and n-pentane, and optionally, some C6+ hydrocarbons. Isopentane and smaller hydrocarbons are separated to form a first fraction while n-pentane and larger components of the feed stock form a second fraction. Each fraction is then catalytically-activated in a separate reaction zone with a separate catalyst, where the conditions maintained in each zone maximize the conversion of each fraction to olefins and aromatics, while minimizing the production of C1-C4 light paraffins. In certain embodiments, the first fraction is activated at a lower temperature than the second fraction. Certain embodiments additionally comprise mixing at least a portion of the two effluents and contacting with an oligomerization catalyst to provide enhanced yields of aliphatic hydrocarbons that possess the characteristics of a blend component of a liquid transportation fuel or other value-added chemical products.

A process of tuning a hydrocarbon product composition is described. The process involves selecting paraffins for reaction. The equilibrium constants for reactions of the selected paraffins can be used to select appropriate feed ratios, or an equilibrium composition as function of C/H molar ratio. A selected feed is reacted to obtain the product. Equilibrium product compositions and non-equilibrium product compositions can be obtained using the process.

A method for preparing a modified molecular sieve catalyst and a method for producing benzene, toluene and p-xylene by coupling conversion of naphtha and CO.sub.2 are provided. Preparing a modified molecular sieve catalyst includes subjecting a molecular sieve to metal modification by using a high temperature hydrothermal method, which includes: (1) preparing a soluble metal salt aqueous solution; (2) placing a zeolite molecular sieve to be metal-modified in the soluble metal salt aqueous solution, and impregnating the same at a temperature of 60-100 C.; and (3) draining the molecular sieve, followed by drying and calcination. Producing benzene, toluene and p-xylene by coupling conversion of naphtha and CO.sub.2 includes: (a) preparing a modified molecular sieve catalyst; and (b) enabling a raw material containing naphtha and CO.sub.2 to contact with the modified molecular sieve catalyst in a reactor for a reaction to produce benzene, toluene and p-xylene.

A method for preparing a modified molecular sieve catalyst and a method for producing benzene, toluene and p-xylene by coupling conversion of naphtha and CO.sub.2 are provided. Preparing a modified molecular sieve catalyst includes subjecting a molecular sieve to metal modification by using a high temperature hydrothermal method, which includes: (1) preparing a soluble metal salt aqueous solution; (2) placing a zeolite molecular sieve to be metal-modified in the soluble metal salt aqueous solution, and impregnating the same at a temperature of 60-100 C.; and (3) draining the molecular sieve, followed by drying and calcination. Producing benzene, toluene and p-xylene by coupling conversion of naphtha and CO.sub.2 includes: (a) preparing a modified molecular sieve catalyst; and (b) enabling a raw material containing naphtha and CO.sub.2 to contact with the modified molecular sieve catalyst in a reactor for a reaction to produce benzene, toluene and p-xylene.

Processes for producing cresol from an alkylphenol stream involve transalkylating the longer-chain alkylphenols (i.e., having an alkyl chain with 2 or more carbon atoms) with an aromatic solvent such as benzene and/or toluene in a first transalky lation reaction zone to obtain phenol, cresol, xylenol, trimethylphenol, and alkylbenzenes. The xylenols and trimethylphenols are reacted with phenol in a second transalkylation reactor to obtain the desired cresols. Xylenes can also be produced.

Processes for producing cresol from an alkylphenol stream involve transalkylating the longer-chain alkylphenols (i.e., having an alkyl chain with 2 or more carbon atoms) with an aromatic solvent such as benzene and/or toluene in a first transalky lation reaction zone to obtain phenol, cresol, xylenol, trimethylphenol, and alkylbenzenes. The xylenols and trimethylphenols are reacted with phenol in a second transalkylation reactor to obtain the desired cresols. Xylenes can also be produced.