Described herein are valuable new chemical intermediates for producing perfuming ingredients, and a process for producing compound of formula (I).

The invention provides methods of preparing 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid and methods of making a pharmaceutical material comprising a purified amount of 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid. Also provided are compositions and pharmaceutical materials including a purified amount of 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid as well as methods of treating various diseases and conditions using the compositions and pharmaceutical materials.

The invention provides methods of preparing 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid and methods of making a pharmaceutical material comprising a purified amount of 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid. Also provided are compositions and pharmaceutical materials including a purified amount of 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid as well as methods of treating various diseases and conditions using the compositions and pharmaceutical materials.

A catalyst has a modified silica support and comprises a modifier metal, zirconium and/or hafnium, and a catalytic metal on the modified support. The catalyst has at least a proportion, typically, at least 25%, of modifier metal present in moieties having a total of up to 2 modifier metal atoms. The moieties may be derived from a monomeric and/or dimeric cation source. A method of production:— provides a silica support with isolated silanol groups with optional treatment to provide isolated silanol groups (—SiOH) at a level of <2.5 groups per nm.sup.2; contacting the optionally treated silica support with a monomeric zirconium or hafnium modifier metal compound to effect adsorption onto the support; optionally calcining the modified support for a time and temperature sufficient to convert the monomeric zirconium or hafnium compound adsorbed on the surface to an oxide or hydroxide of zirconium or hafnium in preparation for catalyst impregnation.

Disclosed herein are processes for preparing certain intermediates useful in the synthesis of 3-fluoro-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-2a-hydroxy-2,2a,3,4-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[cd]inden-7-yl)oxy)benzonitrile or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Disclosed herein are processes for preparing certain intermediates useful in the synthesis of 3-fluoro-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-2a-hydroxy-2,2a,3,4-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[cd]inden-7-yl)oxy)benzonitrile or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present application provides a method for synthesis of Roxadustat. A compound as represented by formula (VIII) is used as a raw material, and is reacted with phenol, a vinyl-containing ether, an acid, hydroxylamine, and then the product is reacted with glycine. In addition, the present application also provides intermediate compounds as represented by formula (IX), formula (XI), formula (XII), formula (IV), and formula (V) for synthesis of Roxadustat. Herein, details of the substituents involved in formula (VIII), formula (IX), formula (XI), and formula (XII) are stated in the description ##STR00001##

The present application provides a method for synthesis of Roxadustat. A compound as represented by formula (VIII) is used as a raw material, and is reacted with phenol, a vinyl-containing ether, an acid, hydroxylamine, and then the product is reacted with glycine. In addition, the present application also provides intermediate compounds as represented by formula (IX), formula (XI), formula (XII), formula (IV), and formula (V) for synthesis of Roxadustat. Herein, details of the substituents involved in formula (VIII), formula (IX), formula (XI), and formula (XII) are stated in the description ##STR00001##

The invention provides crystalline salt and cocrystal forms of bempedoic acid. Also provided are compositions and pharmaceutical materials including a crystalline salt or cocrystal form of bempedoic acid as well as methods of treating various diseases and conditions using the compositions and pharmaceutical materials.

The invention provides crystalline salt and cocrystal forms of bempedoic acid. Also provided are compositions and pharmaceutical materials including a crystalline salt or cocrystal form of bempedoic acid as well as methods of treating various diseases and conditions using the compositions and pharmaceutical materials.