The present invention is directed to a purification method for purifying a fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer of the formula (1), in which the fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer is purified by distillation in the coexistence of a phenolic compound A such as 6-tert-butyl-2,4-xylenol and a phenolic compound B such as 2,2′-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol). ##STR00001##
By the combined use of the phenolic compound A and the phenolic compound B, it is possible to significantly suppress polymerization or oligomerization of the fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer even during industrial-production-scale distillation and efficiently purify the fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer by distillation.

Provided herein are processes for synthesizing intermediates useful in preparing Mcl-1 inhibitors. In particular, provided herein are processes for synthesizing compound F, or a salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1 and OPG.sup.2 are described herein. Compound F can be useful in synthesizing compound A1, or a salt of solvate thereof, and compound A2, or a salt of solvate thereof.

##STR00001##

Provided herein are processes for synthesizing intermediates useful in preparing Mcl-1 inhibitors. In particular, provided herein are processes for synthesizing compound F, or a salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1 and OPG.sup.2 are described herein. Compound F can be useful in synthesizing compound A1, or a salt of solvate thereof, and compound A2, or a salt of solvate thereof.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to methods by which the thermal dissociation of Michael adducts present in a stream of crude acrylic acid, called “crude ester grade”, and the esterification reaction of acrylic acid present in the stream of crude acrylic acid, or generated in situ by thermal dissociation, with a light alcohol, are carried out simultaneously.

The present invention relates to methods by which the thermal dissociation of Michael adducts present in a stream of crude acrylic acid, called “crude ester grade”, and the esterification reaction of acrylic acid present in the stream of crude acrylic acid, or generated in situ by thermal dissociation, with a light alcohol, are carried out simultaneously.

The present invention relates to a method for prevention of premature polymerization during the preparation, purification, transportation and storage of a polymerizable compound with at least one conjugated unsaturated group in the presence of an azine dye-based compound as inhibitor. Further the present invention relates to methods of preparing such inhibitors as well as to the inhibitors itself, as well as to methods of improving solubility and stability of dissolved inhibitors.

The present invention relates to a method for prevention of premature polymerization during the preparation, purification, transportation and storage of a polymerizable compound with at least one conjugated unsaturated group in the presence of an azine dye-based compound as inhibitor. Further the present invention relates to methods of preparing such inhibitors as well as to the inhibitors itself, as well as to methods of improving solubility and stability of dissolved inhibitors.

The present invention relates to a method for prevention of premature polymerization during the preparation, purification, transportation and storage of a polymerizable compound with at least one conjugated unsaturated group in the presence of an azine dye-based compound as inhibitor. Further the present invention relates to methods of preparing such inhibitors as well as to the inhibitors itself, as well as to methods of improving solubility and stability of dissolved inhibitors.

A compound of Formula I, Formula IA, Formula IB, or Formula II, or an acid or base addition salt thereof, and use of these compounds as antioxidants. In one embodiment, a compound of Formula II, ##STR00001##
wherein each of X, Y, and Z are independently a carbon or nitrogen atom; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen or an electron donating group, but are not both hydrogen, and wherein R.sup.1, and R.sup.2 are each bonded to a carbon atom in their own respective aryl ring.

A compound of Formula I, Formula IA, Formula IB, or Formula II, or an acid or base addition salt thereof, and use of these compounds as antioxidants. In one embodiment, a compound of Formula II, ##STR00001##
wherein each of X, Y, and Z are independently a carbon or nitrogen atom; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen or an electron donating group, but are not both hydrogen, and wherein R.sup.1, and R.sup.2 are each bonded to a carbon atom in their own respective aryl ring.