Provided is a citrate-based plasticizer and a resin composition including the same. The citrate-based plasticizer includes one or more citrates having alkyl groups with 7 carbon atoms. The citrate-based plasticizer can solve limitations on migration and volatile loss inherent in the conventional plasticizer and limitations on characteristics of processing such as plasticizing efficiency and absorption rate.

The use of two-tail long-chain anionic surfactants as additives in aqueous polymer dispersions for production of porous polymer coatings, preferably for production of porous polyurethane coatings, is described.

The use of two-tail long-chain anionic surfactants as additives in aqueous polymer dispersions for production of porous polymer coatings, preferably for production of porous polyurethane coatings, is described.

The present invention relates to a plasticizer composition, including a lower alkyl-based citrate and a higher alkyl-based citrate at the same time, as citrate, wherein the ratio of a hybrid type to a non-hybrid type and the ratio of the lower alkyl groups to the higher alkyl groups are controlled so that effects are achieved. When applying the plasticizer composition to a resin, stress resistance and mechanical properties can be maintained at an equal or higher level, the migration and volatile loss properties and the plasticization efficiency can be balanced, and the light resistance and heat resistance can be remarkably improved.

The present invention relates to a plasticizer composition, including a lower alkyl-based citrate and a higher alkyl-based citrate at the same time, as citrate, wherein the ratio of a hybrid type to a non-hybrid type and the ratio of the lower alkyl groups to the higher alkyl groups are controlled so that effects are achieved. When applying the plasticizer composition to a resin, stress resistance and mechanical properties can be maintained at an equal or higher level, the migration and volatile loss properties and the plasticization efficiency can be balanced, and the light resistance and heat resistance can be remarkably improved.

Disclosed are compounds of formula (I)
(R.sup.1OOC).sub.a—R.sup.2(OH).sub.c—COO—(C.sub.nH.sub.2n—O).sub.m—OC—R.sup.3(OH).sub.d—(COOR.sup.4).sub.b  (I)
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 independently of one another are hydrogen, a metal cation, an ammonium cation, C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl, cycloalkyl with three to nine ring carbon atoms, aryl with five to ten ring carbon atoms, aryl that is substituted with one or two alkyl groups, aryl that is connected via an alkylene group with the carboxyl group, —(C.sub.nH.sub.2n—O).sub.m—H or —O—R.sup.2(COOR1).sub.a+1,
R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are aliphatic hydrocarbon residues with one to eight carbon atoms,
a and b independently of one another are integers from 1 to 4,
c is an integer from 0 to 4,
d is an integer from 1 to 4,
n is 2, 3 or 4, and
m is 1, 2, 3 or 4, with the proviso that
R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 may be different within a molecule within the given definitions. These compounds are characterized by a very good complexation power for metal cations and can be used in detergents and cleaning agents, in oil extraction and for water softening.

The present disclosure relates to a method and a system for manufacturing an ester-based composition which are characterized in sequentially operating a plurality of batch reactors, and since an ester-based composition is semi-continuously manufactured, the productivity is high and the stability of a batch reactor is secured.

The present disclosure relates to a method and a system for manufacturing an ester-based composition which are characterized in sequentially operating a plurality of batch reactors, and since an ester-based composition is semi-continuously manufactured, the productivity is high and the stability of a batch reactor is secured.

Fatty acid based surfactants and methods for producing fatty acid based surfactants are described. The method includes reacting a fatty acid ester epoxide with a hydroxy acid, a hydroxy ester, a polyoxyalkyl diol, or a polyamine. Any remaining esters from the original fatty acid ester epoxide or hydroxy ester can optionally be hydrolyzed. Methods for making citric acid derived surfactants are also described.

Fatty acid based surfactants and methods for producing fatty acid based surfactants are described. The method includes reacting a fatty acid ester epoxide with a hydroxy acid, a hydroxy ester, a polyoxyalkyl diol, or a polyamine. Any remaining esters from the original fatty acid ester epoxide or hydroxy ester can optionally be hydrolyzed. Methods for making citric acid derived surfactants are also described.