An object of the present invention is to provide an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition by which a pattern having excellent LWR performance can be formed. In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a resist film, a pattern forming method, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device, each relating to the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.

The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition according to an embodiment of the present invention is an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition including an acid-decomposable resin including a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group in which an acid group having a pKa of 13 or less is protected by a leaving group that leaves by an action of an acid, and one or more compounds that generate an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, which are selected from a compound (I) and a compound (II),

in which the content of the acid-decomposable resin is 10% by mass or more with respect to a total solid content of the composition,

the content of the compounds that generate an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation is 10% by mass or more with respect to the total solid content of the composition, and

the acid-decomposable resin has a halogen atom in a repeating unit other than the repeating unit having a group that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation.

The present invention provides compounds and methods for modulation of the quorum sensing of bacteria. In an embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are able to act as replacements for naturally occurring bacterial quorum sensing ligands in a ligand-protein binding system; that is, they imitate the effect of natural ligands and produce an agonistic effect. In another embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are able to act in a manner which disturbs or inhibits the naturally occurring ligand-protein binding system in quorum sensing bacteria; that is, they produce an antagonistic effect. The compounds of the present invention comprise N-acylated-homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprised of a wide range of acyl groups.

The present invention provides compounds and methods for modulation of the quorum sensing of bacteria. In an embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are able to act as replacements for naturally occurring bacterial quorum sensing ligands in a ligand-protein binding system; that is, they imitate the effect of natural ligands and produce an agonistic effect. In another embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are able to act in a manner which disturbs or inhibits the naturally occurring ligand-protein binding system in quorum sensing bacteria; that is, they produce an antagonistic effect. The compounds of the present invention comprise N-acylated-homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprised of a wide range of acyl groups.

The present invention relates to compounds which modulate (e.g., inhibit) the activity of beta-hydroxylase (e.g., Asparatyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (ASPH)), including novel 2-aryl-5-amino-3(2H)-furanone and 2-heteroaryl-5-amino-3(2H)-furanone compounds, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods for their synthesis, and methods of using these compounds to modulate the activity of ASPH in an a cell-free sample, a cell-based assay, and in a subject. Other aspects of the invention relate to use of the compounds disclosed herein to ameliorate or treat cell proliferation disorders.

The present invention relates to compounds which modulate (e.g., inhibit) the activity of beta-hydroxylase (e.g., Asparatyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (ASPH)), including novel 2-aryl-5-amino-3(2H)-furanone and 2-heteroaryl-5-amino-3(2H)-furanone compounds, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods for their synthesis, and methods of using these compounds to modulate the activity of ASPH in an a cell-free sample, a cell-based assay, and in a subject. Other aspects of the invention relate to use of the compounds disclosed herein to ameliorate or treat cell proliferation disorders.

A method is provided of preparing a compound of formula II: where: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from —CH2OR′, —CHO, —COOR′ and —H, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not both —H; and R′ is selected from —H and C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbyl groups, from a compound of formula I: the compounds of formulas I and II being optionally in the form of a salt. The method comprises dehydrating the compound of formula I at: a pH in the range of from 0 to 6 or 8 to 11.5; and a temperature in the range of from 10 to 80° C. The method is particularly useful for synthesizing substituted furans from compounds derived from sugars.

##STR00001##

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise functionalized lactone derivatives having a disease-modifying action in the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of sigma-2 receptor activity.

The present disclosure relates to a novel method for synthesizing DHPV, and more particularly, to a novel method for synthesizing DHPV (5-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone)) which is a major metabolite of cacao. This method has the advantage of not only facilitating a large-scale synthesis by a new synthesis method that can overcome existing defects, but also making it easy to select antioxidants and isomers exhibiting anti-aging bioactivities. Therefore, it is effective in enabling mass production of DHPV having high value as a functional material for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals in a simple and economical manner.

A compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a stereoisomer thereof or mixture of stereoisomers, wherein n is an integer from 0 to 10; R.sub.1 is a biradical selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2, O, NH and S; and R.sub.2 is a (C.sub.3-C.sub.15)alkyl radical. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compound of formula (I). Methods of treating or preventing a neoplastic disease, such as pancreatic cancer.

A method is provided of preparing a compound of formula II:

##STR00001##

where: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from —CH.sub.2OR′, —CHO, —COOR′ and —H, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not both —H; and R′ is selected from —H and C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbyl groups,
from a compound of formula I:

##STR00002##

the compounds of formulas I and II being optionally in the form of a salt. The method comprises dehydrating the compound of formula I at: a pH in the range of from 0 to 6 or 8 to 11.5; and a temperature in the range of from 10 to 80° C. The method is particularly useful for synthesizing substituted furans from compounds derived from sugars.