The present disclosure relates to isolating one or more cannabinoids from an input mixture. There is disclosed an apparatus that comprises a volatizing unit, a fractional distillation unit, and a condensing unit. The volatizing unit receives and volatilizes the input mixture to provide a cannabinoid-containing vapor stream and a residue. The fractional distillation unit comprises a plenum for receiving the cannabinoid-containing vapor stream and separates a first cannabinoid from at least a second cannabinoid. The condensing unit is configured to receive a portion of the cannabinoid-containing vapor stream comprising the first cannabinoid from the plenum and to form a condensed first cannabinoid output stream and a recirculate stream. There are also disclosed methods for isolating one or more cannabinoids employing a recirculate stream.

Various aspects of this patent document relate to cannabinoid ions that are dissolved in glycerol, in which the cannabinoid ions are not carboxylates.

In a method for aromatizing an alicyclic region of a cannabinoid, especially in enantiopure, scalemic and/or racemic form, in particular for aromatizing the cyclohexene group in Δ.sup.9-THC-C.sub.5, Δ.sup.9-THCA-C.sub.5 A, Δ.sup.9-THCV-C.sub.3, Δ.sup.9-THCVA-C.sub.5 A, and/or scalemic or racemic mixtures of these substances, wherein an oxidizing agent is added to the cannabinoid, sulfur is used as the oxidizing agent.

In a method for aromatizing an alicyclic region of a cannabinoid, especially in enantiopure, scalemic and/or racemic form, in particular for aromatizing the cyclohexene group in Δ.sup.9-THC-C.sub.5, Δ.sup.9-THCA-C.sub.5 A, Δ.sup.9-THCV-C.sub.3, Δ.sup.9-THCVA-C.sub.5 A, and/or scalemic or racemic mixtures of these substances, wherein an oxidizing agent is added to the cannabinoid, sulfur is used as the oxidizing agent.

In an LC system using an ODS column (15) and UV detector (17), a cannabis-derived sample is analyzed by gradient elution using a phosphoric acid aqueous solution and phosphoric-acid-containing methanol. A control unit (3) regulates the openings of solenoid valves in a mixer (12) so that the increase rate of the mixture ratio of the phosphoric-acid-containing methanol in a second part of the analysis period is higher than in a first part. By this operation, ten active ingredients (including Total THC, Total CBD and CBN) contained in cannabis can be satisfactorily separated within an analysis time which is equal to or even shorter than approximately 30 minutes. Each ingredient separated by the column (15) is detected by the UV detector (17). An active ingredient identification processor (22) identifies the ten active ingredients based on the retention times of the peaks on a chromatogram created from the detection signals.

In an LC system using an ODS column (15) and UV detector (17), a cannabis-derived sample is analyzed by gradient elution using a phosphoric acid aqueous solution and phosphoric-acid-containing methanol. A control unit (3) regulates the openings of solenoid valves in a mixer (12) so that the increase rate of the mixture ratio of the phosphoric-acid-containing methanol in a second part of the analysis period is higher than in a first part. By this operation, ten active ingredients (including Total THC, Total CBD and CBN) contained in cannabis can be satisfactorily separated within an analysis time which is equal to or even shorter than approximately 30 minutes. Each ingredient separated by the column (15) is detected by the UV detector (17). An active ingredient identification processor (22) identifies the ten active ingredients based on the retention times of the peaks on a chromatogram created from the detection signals.

The present invention relates to a compound having general formula I for use in the activation of AMPK. A composition comprising said compound for use in the activation of AMPK is also provided.

The present invention relates to a compound having general formula I for use in the activation of AMPK. A composition comprising said compound for use in the activation of AMPK is also provided.

A solvent-free method of catalyzing cannabidiol (CBD) to a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) utilizes a catalyst and carrier oil in combination with extraction techniques to significantly reduce cost and provide high-purity Δ.sup.8-THC. Using a non-volatile carrier oil in lieu of a highly-flammable, volatile organic solvent provides a simple process that can be incorporated into an appliance-like device that permits the safe production of Δ.sup.8-THC by a typical user in a home environment without the need for complex laboratory apparatus and expensive safety equipment.

A solvent-free method of catalyzing cannabidiol (CBD) to a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) utilizes a catalyst and carrier oil in combination with extraction techniques to significantly reduce cost and provide high-purity Δ.sup.8-THC. Using a non-volatile carrier oil in lieu of a highly-flammable, volatile organic solvent provides a simple process that can be incorporated into an appliance-like device that permits the safe production of Δ.sup.8-THC by a typical user in a home environment without the need for complex laboratory apparatus and expensive safety equipment.