Disclosed are novel phosphono-phosphate and anionic group containing polymer compositions that have targeted uses with divalent cations and surfaces having divalent cations. These compounds can be used to deliver anionic character to surfaces such as calcium hydroxyapatite.

The present disclosure relates to the preparation method of glufosinate or derivatives thereof.

Disclosed herein are extended- and multimodal-release compositions for inhibiting scale in an industrial water system. In an example, an extended-release composition for inhibiting scale in an industrial water system includes a solid, particulate scale inhibitor. The solid, particular scale inhibitor may include a phosphonate, a carboxylate, or a combination thereof; and a divalent cation, a trivalent cation, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the solid, particulate scale inhibitor is substantially free of an inert material

The present disclosure relates to the preparation method of glufosinate or derivatives thereof.

A functional material, a passivation film, a solar cell, a photovoltaic module, and a photovoltaic system are disclosed. The functional compound is represented by formula (1): where formula (2) represents a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60 ring atoms or an aromatic amine group having 6 to 60 ring atoms, substituted by n.sub.2 R.sub.2 groups, and at least one nitrogen atom in formula (2) is bonded to n.sub.1 -LR.sub.1 groups; in each occurrence, L is independently selected from linear alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is selected from CHO, C(O)R.sub.4, C(O)NH.sub.2, C(O)SH, C(S)SH, OH, or SH; R.sub.4 is selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and n.sub.1 is an integer 1, and n.sub.2 is an integer 1.

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